xfd|f] v}/xgLxfd|f] v}/xgL

sIff ^sIff ^

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgLxfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] :yfgLo kf7\oj|mddf cfwfl/t kf7\ok':ts

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

ljBfyL{sf] gfd M

ljBfnosf] gfd M

cleefjssf] gfd M

cleefjssf] kmf]g g+= M

sIff ^

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] :yfgLo kf7\oj|mddf cfwfl/t kf7\ok':ts

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

k|sfzs M v

}/xgL gu/kflnsf, lrtjg .

;xhLs/0f M ;fe g]kfn, kf]v/f . ;Dks{ M (*%^)#@$&#

;jf{lwsf/ M k|sfzsdf

k|sfzg M klxnf] ;+:s/0f, lj=;+=@)*!

d'b|0f M dgsfdgf 5fkfvfgf, v}/xgL–*, k;f{, lrtjg – )%^–%*@!(%

d"No M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL -sIff ^_

v}/xgL gu/kflnsf gu/sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no lrtjgn] ;fe g]kfn kf]v/f;Fusf]

;xof]udf tof/ kf/]sf] k|:t't kf7\ok':ts æxfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgLÆ k|yd ;+:s/0f ePsfn]

k|:t't ;+:s/0fdf b]lvPsf sld sdhf]/L k|lt oxfFsf] cd"No ;Nnfx ;'emfjsf nflu

xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . tkfO{x?sf] ;sf/fTds ;Nnfx Pjd\ ;'emfjn] kf7\ok':tsnfO{

yk kl/:s[t agfpb} cufl8 a9\g pTk|]/0ff lbg]5 . wGojfb .

;'emfjsf] nfluM edu.khairahani@gmail.com

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

gu/ k|d'vsf] sndaf6

:yfgLo ;d'bfosf cfjZostf / ¿lrnfO{ dxŒj lbO{ :yfgLo :t/s} ;fwg, ;|f]t / lj1tfsf]

pkof]udfkm{t\ :yfgLo :t/df lgdf{0f, ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ul/g] kf7\oqmd :yfgLo kf7\oqmd xf] .

/fli6«o kf7\oqmdn] dfq hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt cflbdf x'g] ljljwtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ g;Sg]

ePsfn] :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] xf] .

g]kfn ljljwtfn] ;DkGg d'n's xf] . oxfF ljleGg y/L efiff, ;Eotf, k];f, ;+:s[lt, e]ife"iff

/ e"uf]nx? 5g\ . ltgsf cf–cfˆg} ljlzi6 klxrfg 5g\ . …ljljwtfdf PstfÚ g]kfnLsf] ljlzi6

klxrfg g} xf] . nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;ª\3Lo ;+ljwfg hf/L eO{ d'n's oxL af6f]df cl3

al9/x]sf a]nfdf ;+ljwfgn] ;d]t k|To]s efiff / ;Eotfsf] ;+/If0f / ;+a4{g ug{ kfpg] gful/ssf]

xsnfO{ df}lns xssf ?kdf ;'/lIft u/]sf] 5 eg] o;sf nflu ljleGg ;dodf P]g, sfg'g /

lgb{]lzsfx?;d]t aGg] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo kf7\oqmdnfO{ cjwf/0ffut ?kdf k|i6\ofpg] qmddf g]kfnsf ljleGg b:tfa]hdf

/x]sf k|fjwfgx?nfO{ x]g{'kb{5 . xfn sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf gLltx?df :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf af/]df

lgDgfg';f/ pNn]v ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ efu # sf] wf/f #! df lzIff ;DaGwL

df}lns xssf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o; wf/fsf] pkwf/f % df g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{

sfg'gadf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 eGg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ Jojxf/tM

sfof{Gjogsf nflu :yfgLo kf7\oqmddfkm{t\ ;dfhdf /x]sf efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;f+:s[lts ;Eotf

/ ;DkbfnfO{ hu]gf{ ug]{ k|s[ltsf] 1fg, l;k / k|ljlw ljBfyL{nfO{ lbg' h¿/L 5 . lzIffnfO{ j}1flgs,

Joj;flos, ;Lkd"ns / /f]huf/d"ns Pjd\ hgd'vL agfpFb} ;Ifd k|lt:kwL{ g}lts Pjd\ /fli6«o

lxtk|lt ;dlk{t hgzlQm tof/ ug]{ -wf/f %! -h_-!_ . To;}u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g

@)&$ sf] kl/R5]b # sf] bkmf !! -h_ -$_ df dft[efiffdf lzIff lbg] ljBfnosf] cg'dlt, cg'udg

tyf lgodg;DaGwL Joj:yf u/L :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfnfO{ Oª\lut u/]sf] 5 .

To:t} pQm P]gsf] bkmf !! -h_ -!*_ df :yfgLo :t/sf] z}lIfs 1fg, l;k / k|ljlwsf] ;+/If0f,

k|jw{g / :t/Ls/0f ug]{ s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] ……lzIfssf xftdf kf7\os|d

/ ljBfyL{sf xftdf kf7\ok':tsÚÚ eGg] clek|fosf ;fy o; sfdnfO{ cl3 a9fPsf] xf] . of]

kf7\ok':ts lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df ;Dk"0f{ hgk|ltlglw, kf7\oqmdlj1, lzIffljb\, k|wfgfWofks, lzIfs,

cleefjs, ljBfyL{, n]vs, :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf nufot ;a} v

}/xgL

gu/kflnsfjf;Lsf] ;xof]u

k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

kf7\ok':ts n]vgsf qmddf ljleGg r/0fsf uf]i7L, 5nkmn / cGt/lqmofdfkm{t\ :yfgLo

:t/sf cfjZostf / kf7\ok':tsdf ;d]6\g'kg{] ljifo ;Gbe{x?sf af/]df cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ul/Psf]

5 . :yfgLo l;k, Ifdtf, snf, k];f, Joj;fo, :yfgLo ;Dkbf, :yfgLo klxrfgnfO{ kf7\ok':tsdf

;d]6]/ ljBfyL{sf 1fg, l;k / clej[lQnfO{ phfu/ ug{] k|of; u/fpg], Tof] kf7\ok':tsdf k|To]sn]

cfˆgf] klxrfg b]Vg] / ;a}n] ckgTj dx;'; ug{] 9ª\un] agfOPsf] of] kf7\ok':tsn] gofF lkF9LnfO{

cfˆgf] df}lnskgsf] vf]hL ug{ k|]l/t ug{] 5 .

:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] cfjZostf, rfxgf / pgLx?s} ;xeflutfdf :yfgLo ljifoj:t'nfO{

;dfj]z u/L lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog /x]sf] -xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL_ gfds kf7\ok':tssf] P]ltxfl;s

dxŒj /xg] s'/fdf s'g} zª\sf 5}g . o;sf] n]vg, ;Dkfbg / k|sfzgdf ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0f

ug{] ;+:yf ;fe g]kfn / ldlxg]tsf ;fy kf7\ok':ts n]vgdf vl6g'ePsf lj1 n]vsx?k|lt

gu/kflnsf xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5 . kf7\ok':ts lgdf{0fsf ljleGg r/0fdf cfˆgf] cd"No ;'emfj

lbP/ ;xof]u ug{'x'g] kf7\oqmd ;xhLs/0f ;ldlt / kf7\oqmd d:of}bf n]vg ;ldlt, ljBfnosf

lzIfs, cleefjs, k|wfgfWofks, ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx?, lzIffljb\, ;dfh;]jL, ljleGg If]qsf lj1

JolQmŒjx?, gu/kflnsfsf ;Dk"0f{ hgk|ltlglwHo"x?, /fhg}lts JolQmŒj, sd{rf/Lx? ;a}nfO{

xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}F . ;fy} k':ts 5kfO{sf] cleef/f axg ug]{ dgsfdgf 5fkfvfgf k|lt

klg xfdL cfef/L 5f}F .

cGTodf, …xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgLÚ gfds o; :yfgLo kf7\ok':tssf] k"0f{ ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf

nflu z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5f}F . lgdf{0fsf qmddf h:t} o;sf] cy{k"0f{ sfof{Gjogsf ;Gbe{df

klg ;a} kIfsf] plQs} ;xof]u / ;b\efj /xg] cfzf Pjd\ ljZjf; JoQm ub{5' .

zzL s'df/ vlgof

gu/ k|d'v

v}/xgL gu/kflnsf, lrtjg .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

ljifo;"rL

PsfO kf7 zLif{s k[i7

!= v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro 1v}/xgLsf] hg;ª\Vof 1

2v}/xgLsf] ef}uf]lns kl/ro 4

@= :yfgLo snf / ;+:s[lt 3s+sfnL b]jLsf] dlGb/ 8

4df3];ª\j|mflGt kj{ 11

#= :yfgLo ko{6g 5v}/xgLsf ko{6sLo :ynx? 15

6v}/xgL e|d0f 17

$= :yfgLo s[lif Joj;fo 7km"n v]tL 23

8h}ljs lgoGq0f ljlw 26

%= :yfgLo k];f, Joj;fo / k|ljlw 9

:yfgLo k];f tyf Joj;fosf]

;fdfGo kl/ro 29

10 k/Dk/fut l;kx? 32

^= :yfgLo k|fs[lts ;Dkbf

11 h}ljs ljljwtf 36

12 alxgLnfO{ lr7L 41

13 j[Iff/f]k0f / jg ;+/If0f 44

&= :yfgLo v]nx? 14 xfd|f] v}/xgLdf k|rlnt

:yfgLo v]nx?j 47

*= ;8s ;'/Iff / ljkb\ Jojj:yfkg 15

;8s ;'/Iff / ljkb\Go"gLs/0f

(= ;x/L ljsf;, k|b"if0f tyf kmf]xf]/

Joj:yfkg

16 t6aGw 54

17 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f 59

18 kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg 62

!)= xfd|f d"No, dfGotf, ;bfrf/

/ of]u

19 of]uf;fg 67

20 /]8qm; 71

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf]

kl/ro

PsfO–!

• v}/xgLsf] hg;ª\Vof

• v}/xgLsf] ef}uf]lns kl/ro

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 1

v}/xgLsf] hg;ª\Vof

hg;ª\Vof zAb …hgÚ / …;ª\VofÚ ldn]/

ag]sf] 5 . …hgÚ eg]sf] …dflg;Ú / …;ª\VofÚ

eg]sf] uGbf lg:sg] kl/0ffd jf …uf]6fÚ xf] . o;/L

hg;ª\Vof zAbn] s'g} b]z jf lglZrt ef}uf]lns

:yfgdf a;f]af; ug]{ dflg;x?sf] ;ª\VofnfO{

hgfpF5 .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf ljleGg hfthflt,

wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf dflg;x? a;f]af; ub{5g\ . o; gu/kflnsfdf hDdf !# cf]6f j8fx?

/x]sf 5g\ . ;a} j8fx?df hg;ª\Vofsf] ljt/0f ;dfg 5}g, s'g} j8fdf hg;ª\Vof a9L 5 eg]

s'g} j8fdf sdL 5 . hg;ª\Vof 36 / a9 x'gfsf] d'Vo sf/0f hGd, d[To' / a;fOF;/fO x'g .

To:t} ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x?sf] c;dfg ljt/0f klg xf] . ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x? eg]sf ;8s,

vfg]kfgL, ljB't, :jf:Yo, lzIff, ;~rf/ cflb x'g\ . o:tf lrhx? cefj ePsf] :yfgdf

dflg;x? a:g ¿rfpFb}gg\ / a;fOF ;/]/ cGoq hfG5g\ . o:t} /f]huf/sf sf/0f dflg;x?

a;fOF ;b{5g\ . o; gu/kflnsfleqsf w]]/} h;f] dflg;x? /f]huf/sf] l;nl;nfdf g]kfnleq

/ aflx/ uPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] sdfPsf] cfDbfgLaf6 ;x/df ;'ljwf;DkGg 3/ agfP/ a;]sf

5g\ .

xfn cfP/ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] a;fOF;/fO b/nfO{ sd ug{ ljleGg sbdx? Rffn]sf]

5 . gu/kflnsfn] k|To]s j8fdf ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; ul//x]sf] 5 . gu/ If]qddf

;8s, lah'nL, ;~rf/, lzIff, :jf:Yo / :j/f]huf/sf sfo{j|mdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

h;sf sf/0f sltko ;x/lt/ a;]sf dflg;x? k'gM ufpF kms{g yfn]sf 5g\ . lbg k|ltlbg

o; gu/kflnsf ljsf;lt/ nlDs/x]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)&* sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf !^#(% 3/ w'/L

/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} cf}ift kl/jf/ ;+Vof $=!! /x]sf] 5 . j8fut hg;ª\Vof / ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf

ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf x]/f}F M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

% jif{ eGbf dflysf hg;ª\Vofsf] ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf lbOPsf] tflnsfdf /x]sf] 5 .

   

    . . .

   . . .

     . . .

;|f]tM /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)&*

https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/

;fn j8f g+= 3/w'/L hg;ª\Vof k'?if dlxnf

@)&*

lj|mofsnfk Mlj|mofsnfk M

• tkfO{F a;]sf] j8fsf] @)&* ;fnsf] hg;ª\Vof slt /x]5 < lgDg tflnsf cg';f/

eg'{xf];\ M

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] lj+ ;+ @)&* ;fnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] ;ª\lIfKt

ljj/0f https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/ dfkm{t sIffdf k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 3

• tkfOF{{ a;]sf] ufpF ÷ l5d]s÷6f]ndf slt cf]6f 3/x? 5g\ < tnsf tflnsfcg';f/

eg'{xf];\M

s|=;= 3/d'nLsf] gfd k'?if ;ª\Vof dlxnf ;ª\Vof

!= tnsf vfnL :yfgdf pko'St zAb eg'{xf];\ M

-s_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf ============cf]6f j8fx? 5g\ .

-v_ hg;ª\Vof 36L / a9L x'gfsf] d'Vo sf/0f============xf] .

-u_ ;x/lt/ a;]sf dflg;x? k'g ===============kms{g yfn]sf 5g\ .

-3_ lj=;+ @)&* sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ v}/xgLdf s'n hg;ª\Vof========== /x]sf] 5 .

-ª_ lj=;+ @)&* cg';f/ dlxnfsf] ;fIf/tf b/ ============/x]sf] 5 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ hg;ª\Vof eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <

-v_ s] s:tf s'/fx?n] v}/xgLsf] hg;ª\Vof 36L / a9L ePsf] xf] <

-u_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] a;fOF;/fOnfO{ sd ug{ s:tf] sbd rfn]sf] 5 <

-3_ lj=;+= @)&* sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof slt /x]sf]

5 <

-ª_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf k'?if ;fIf/tfsf] t'ngfdf dlxnf ;fIf/tf b/ sd x'g'sf]

sf/0f s] xf]nf <

#= tflnsfcg';f/ lj=;+ @)&* sf] u0fgf cg';f/ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fx?df

hg;ª\Vof ;dfg ljt/0f gePsf] b]lvG5 . o;f] x'gfsf] sf/0f s] xf]nf < lzIfssf]

;xof]udf pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

cEof;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

;+3Lo u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] afudtL k|b]z l:yt /Tggu/ gu/kflnsfsf] k"jL{ efudf

cjl:yt o; gu/kflnsf ;fljssf rf/ uf=la=;=x? v}/xgL, s'd/f]h, s7f/ / r}gk'/nfO{

ldnfO agfOPsf] xf] . o; gu/kflnsfnfO{ !# j6f j8fx?df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . @)&*

;fnsf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof ^&,#*% dWo] dlxnf #%,)%#

/ k'?if #@,##@ /x]sf 5g\ . s'n 3/w'/L ;ª\Vof !^#(% /x]sf] o; gu/kflnsfsf] xfnsf]

If]qkmn *%=% ju{ ls=ld= /x]sf] 5 . ef}uf]lns lx;fan] ;dy/ / ;8s oftfoftsf] kx'Fraf6

glhs /x]sf] o; gu/kflnsfsf x/]s 6f]n 6f]ndf afx|} dlxgf rNg ;Sg] ;8s k'u]sf] 5

eg] sfnf]kq] ePsf ;8s klg em08} #) k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

vfBfGg afnLsf] pTkfbgdf vf; u/L wfg, ds} / ux'F tyf t]nxgdf tf]/L / bnxgdf d';'/f]

pTkfbgsf] nflu pj{/ e"dL dflgg] of] gu/kflnsf xfnsf lbgx?df oxfFsf ls;fgx? s]/f

v]tL, df5fkfng tyf kz'kfngtkm{ klg cfslif{t ePsf] b]lvG5 . kz'kfng Joj;fosf b[li6n]

v}/xgLsf] ef}uf]lns kl/ro

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 5

ufO{kfng Jofj;flos ?kdf g} cl3 a9]sf] 5 eg] cGo kz'kfngsf] klg TolQs} ;Defjgf

/x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} u/L gub]afnLtkm{ df};dcg';f/ t/fO{ If]qdf x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf t/sf/L

v]tL x'g] x'Fbf To;sf] Jofj;flos pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . /fhg}lts lx;fan] lhNnfsf

lgjf{rg If]qdWo] o; gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fx? lgjf{rg If]q g+= ! cGt/ut kb{5g\ .

o; gu/kflnsfsf] dWo efu eP/ hfg] k"j{klZrd nf]sdfu{n] ljutb]lv g} gu/kflnsfsf]

ljsf;df dxŒjk"0f{ 6]jf lbPsf] 5 .

!=# cjl:ylt

lrtjg lhNnfsf] k"jL{ efudf kg]{ v}/xgL gu/kflnsf @&) #^ʹ $%ʺ pQ/L cIff+; /

*$) #$ʹ ^ʺ k"jL{ b]zfGt/df cjl:yt of] gu/kflnsf /0fg}lts lx;fan] dxŒjk"0f{ dflgG5 .

lrtjgsf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df v}/xgL g=kf= If]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{

dxŒjk"0f{ ?kdf lng] ul/Psf] lyof] . @)&! ;fndf lrtjgsf] t];|f] gu/kflnsfsf] ?kdf

u7g ePkZrft o; gu/kflnsfn] ljsf;df gofF / k|efjsf/L km8\sf] df/]sf] cfef; x'Fb}

cfPsf] 5 . ;fljssf v}/xgL, s'd/f]h, s7f/ / r}gk'/ uf=lj=;=sf] ;Dk"0f{ e"efunfO{ ;d]6]sf]

o; gu/kflnsfnfO{ !# j6f j8fdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . cflbaf;L yf? ;d'bfosf] ax'ntf

/x]sf] o; gu/kflnsf xfnsf lbgx?df ;x/Ls/0ftkm{ pGd'v /x]sf] 5 .

!=$ l;dfgf

o; gu/kflnsfsf] k"j{df /fKtL gu/kflnsf, klZrdtkm{ /Tggu/ gu/kflnsf, pQ/tkm{

sflnsf gu/kflnsf / blIf0ftkm{ lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h cjl:yt 5 . ;d'b| ;txaf6 Go"gtd

!($ ld= / clwstd ^*) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf /x]sf] of] gu/kflnsfsf] ;a} e"efu ;dy/

d}bfgL efudf kb{5 . o; gu/kflnsfsf] e"–pkof]usf] cj:yfdf clwsf+z e"efu s[lifof]Uo

e"ld / s]xL efu dfq vf]nf gfnfn] cf]u6]sf] 5 .

!=% If]qkmn

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] If]qkmn *%=% j=ls=dL= /x]sf] 5 . o; gu/kflnsfsf] w]/}

h;f] e"efu v]tLof]Uo hldg -^*=*Ü_, aghª\un -(=*Ü_, emf8L If]q -&=$Ü_, 3fF;] d}bfg

-!Ü_, kfgLvf]nfn] 9fs]sf] If]q -@=$Ü_ / 9'ª\uf tyf afn'jfn] 9fs]sf] If]q -!)=%Ü_ /x]sf]

5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

lqmofsnfk Mlqmofsnfk M

• efOalxgL xf], dflysf] kf7df v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] j0f{g u/]s} z}nLdf tkfO{Fn] klg

cfˆgf] j8fsf]] j0f{g ug'{xf];\ / sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgLsf cGo ljleGg P]ltxfl;s a:tLx?sf] gfd

atfpg'xf];\ / tL 7fpFx? 3'dfpg n}hfg'xf];\ .

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsf s'g–s'g uf=lj=;= ldn]/ ag]sf] xf] <

-v_ v}/xgLsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] agf]6 s:tf] /x]sf] 5 <

-u_ v}/xgLdf s] s:tf vfBafnLx? pTkfbg x'G5g\ <

-3_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] l;dfgf s'g–s'g kflnsf;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 <

@= tn lbOPsf jfSo l7s eP -_ / a]l7s eP -_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\M

-s_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf !% j6f j8fx? 5g\ .

-v_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof ^&,#*% /x]sf] 5 .

-u_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] If]qkmn (%=% a=ls=dL= /x]sf] 5 .

-3_ v}/xgLdf yf? hfltsf] ax'ntf 5 .

#= hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

;d"x ‘s’ ;d"x ‘v’

;;;;;;dlxnf #) k|ltzt

3/w'/L /Tggu/

k"j{ !@##!

*%=% a=ls=dL= @((@(

sfnf] kq] If]qkmn

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 7

:yfgLo snf / ;+:s[lt

PsfO–@

• s+sfnL b]jLsf] dlGb/

• df3];ª\j|mflGt kj{

8 xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

efOalxgL xf] Û g]kfn Ps wd{lg/k]If

/fi6« xf] . oxfF ljleGg wdf{jnDaLx?sf]

a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . o; b]zdf d"nt M lxGb'

wdf{jnDaLx?s} ax'ntf /x]sf] 5 . pgLx?

ljleGg b]jL b]jtfdf ljZjf; u5{g\ . wfld{s

?kn] klg Ps rlr{t / ;DkGg lhNnfx?

dWo] lrtjg lhNnf klg Ps xf] . lxGb'x?sf]

k|l;4 wfld{s tLy{:yn b]j3f6sf] sfvdf cjl:yt o; lhNnfdf ljleGg b]jL b]jtfsf ;fgf

7"nf d7 dlGb/x? /x]sf 5g\ . lrtjg lhNnfdf kg{] ;ftcf]6f kflnsfdWo] lhNnfsf] k"j{kl§

/x]sf] wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo b[li6n] ;DkGg gu/kflnsf v}/xgL gu/kflnsf xf] .

s+sfnL ;fd'bflos jg If]q leq /x]sf] s+sfnL b]jLsf] dlGb/ wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo

?kn] dxŒjk"0f{ dlGb/ xf] . of] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= @ df cjl:yt 5 . dlGb/

nueu ;d'› ;txaf6 %%) ld6/sf] prfOdf cjl:yt 5 / oxfFsf] /d0fLo jftfj/0f, wfld{s

dxŒj / k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfn] sof}F tLy{ ofqLx?nfO{ cfslif{t ub{5 . leqL dw]zsf] ;Dd k/]sf]

e"efueGbf k[ys ljz]iftf af]s]sf] o; jg If]qdf /x]sf] s+sfnL b]jLsf] dlGb/ k"j{–klZrd

/fhdfu{df /x]sf] k;f{ ahf/af6 sl/a ;f9] ;ft lsnf]ld6/ pQ/tkm{ kb{5 . o; dlGb/sf]

:yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] eGg] olsg ldlt yfxf geP klg o; v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] r}gk'/df

dfgj a;f]af;sf] ;'¿jft;Fu} o; dlGb/sf] :yfkgf ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 .

o; dlGb/ hfg] qmddf af6f]df ljleGg lsl;dsf af]6la?jfx? / r/fr'?ËLx?sf

sf/0f jftj/0f /dfOnf] / ofqf /f]df~rs agfPsf] 5 . hª\unsf] r'r'/f]df /x]sf] s+sfnL

dlGb/sf] cfkm\g} dxŒj / ljz]iftf /x]sf] 5 . o; dlGb/df k|To]s jif{ wfGo k"l0f{df kl5sf]

s+sfnL b]jLsf] dlGb/

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 9

k~rdLsf] lbg aQL afNg], /ftel/ hfu|fd a:g] u/]df cfˆgf] dgsfdgf l;4 x'g] hgljZjf;

/x]sf] 5 . lrtjg lhNnfsf ljleGg efuaf6 of] dlGb/df aQL afNg, hfqf x]g{ tyf bz{g ug{

>4fn' eQmhgx?sf] cf]O/f] nfUb5 . log} b]jLsf] gfdaf6 s+sfnL ;fd'bflos jg, s+sfnL

dfWolds ljBfno, s+sfnL hn pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cflb ljleGg ;+:yfsf] gfds/0f ul/Psf]

5 . s+sfnL b]jLsf] dlGb/n] :yfgLo ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fx?nfO{ ;d]t 6]jf k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] s+sfnL dlGb/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf nflu x/]s jif{

ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . dlGb/sf] dd{t, dlGb/ hfg] af6f]sf] ;/;kmfO{, k'hf/Lsf]

Joj:yfnufotsf sfddf gu/kflnsfn] ;xof]u ub{} cfPsf] 5 .

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• lzIfs ;fyL Û ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx?nfO{ s+sfnL b]jL dlGb/sf] lel8of] k|bz{g u/L

wfld{s dxŒjsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .

lqmofsnfk Mlqmofsnfk M

!= ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx? s+sfnL dlGb/sf] cjnf]sg u/L dlGb/sf af/]df Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .

@= tkfOF{sf] 3/ glhs} /x]sf] s'g} dlGb/sf af/]df k'hf/L;Fu e]6]/ hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ .

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpF eg{'xf];\ M

s_ s+sfnL dlGb/ ;d'› ;txaf6 ============== prfOdf cjl:yt 5 .

v_ k|To]s jif{ s+sfnL dlGb/df ============== kl5sf] k~rdLsf] lbg aQL aflnG5 .

u_ s+sfnL dlGb/n] k|frLg sfnb]lv ============== cfwf/df dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf

v]n]sf] 5 .

3_ s+sfnL b]jLsf] gfdaf6 ============== gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

l;h{gfTds÷kl/of]hgf sfo{l;h{gfTds÷kl/of]hgf sfo{

• s+sfnL dlGb/ jl/kl/ tyf ;fd'bflos jgdf kfOg] ljleGg la?jf tyf kz'kIfLsf]

;"rL tof/ kf/L sf8{af]8{df n]v]/ sIffdf 6fF:g'xf];\ .

@= l7s eP l7s -_ / a]l7s eP a]l7s -_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ M

s_ s+sfnL dlGb/ /Tggu/ gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ $ df kb{5 .

v_ s+sfnL ;fd'bflos jgdf yfsn3f/L e]l6G5 .

u_ s+sfnL lkslgs :kf]6{sf] k|j]zåf/ s+sfnL dlGb/sf] k|j]zåf/ xf] .

3_ s+sfnL dlGb/df xl/;ogL PsfbzL kl5sf] k~rdLdf aQL aflnG5 .

ª_ s+sfnL b]jLsf] dlGb/n] wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts dxŒj af]s]sf] 5 .

#= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

s_ s+sfnL dlGb/sf] wfld{s dxŒj s] s:tf] 5 <

v_ s+sfnL dlGb/sf] dxŒj / ljz]iftf n]Vg'xf];\ .

u_ s+sfnL b]jLsf] dlGb/nfO{ cfocfh{gsf] dfWod s;/L agfpg ;lsG5 <

$= s+sfnL dlGb/ h:t} wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts :ynx?sf] ;+/If0fdf tkfO{ / tkfO{sf]

;d'bfosf] e"ldsf s]–s] x'g ;Sb5 tflnsf agfP/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

%= æwfld{s ko{6gsf] Pp6f uGtJo s+sfnL dfO{ dlGb/ xf] .Æ kf7sf cfwf/df o;

egfOaf/] 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 11

df3 dlxgfsf] klxnf] lbgnfO{ df3]

;ª\qmflGt elgG5 . o;nfO{ lxGb", af}4 /

ls/fFt cflb ;d'bfosf] ;femf wfld{s tyf

;f+:s[lts kj{sf ?kdf lnOG5 . vf;u/L

du/x?n] ædf£of ;]Nx|];ÚÚ, yf?x?n] …

df3LÚ, /fO{x?n] …d]n] y]r]Ú tyf a|fXd0f,

IfqL, 5GTofn, u'?ª, g]jf/, lnDa", tfdfª,

b/}, r]kfªnufotsf hfltx?df cf–cfˆg}

ta/af6 dgfpg] ul/G5 .

o;a]nf ;"o{ wg' /flzaf6 ds/ /flzdf k|j]z ug]{ x'gfn] o; lbgnfO{ ds/ ;ª\qmflGt

klg elgG5 . olta]nf ;"o{ blIf0fL uf]nf4{af6 pQ/L uf]nf4{tkm{ hfg] x'Fbf lbg 5f]6f / /ft nfdf

x'Fb} hfG5g\ . df3] ;ª\qmflGtdf kljq gbL, wfd tyf ;fu/x? h:t}M– l/8L, lqj]0fL, b]j3f6,

a/fxIf]q cflb :yfgdf eJo d]nf nfUb5 . o; lbg 3/ cfFug / z/L/ z'4 /fVg ;s]df ;ft

h'gL;Dd :j:Yo / ;d[4 /xg ;lsG5 eGg] hgljZjf; /xL cfPsf] 5 .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsf yf? ;d'bfosf] afx'No ePsf] ;dfh xf] . /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)&*

cg';f/ yf? hfltsf] s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] @%=# k|ltzt yf?x?sf] /x]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf]

ljz]if rf8 df3];ª\qmflGt -lvr/f_ oxfFsf yf?x?n] w'dwfdn] dgfpg] ub{5g\ . To;}u/L

oxfFsf du/ ;d'bfon] klg o; rf8nfO{ cfˆg} k4ltcg';f/ dgfpg] ub{5g\ eg] cGo hftsf

dflg;x?n] klg cfˆg} hftLo k/Dk/fcg';f/ dgfpg] ub{5g\ .

df3];+qmflGtnfO{ lrtjgsf yf? ;d'bfon] lvr/f kj{ eGb5g\ . klZrd g]kfndf df3L,

lvr/f / k"j{df ltnf ;j|mfOt elgG5 .

Dff3];ª\j|mflGt kj{

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

k';sf] d;fGtdf lvr/fsf] d5'jf/L -df5f dfg{]_, lrRr/ pl;g]/ kf]sf agfpg] sfd

u5{g . lvr/fsf] lbg -df3–! ut]_ ;a]/} :gfg u/]/ efGhf efGhLnfO{ bfg blIf0ff lbg] ul/G5 .

To;kl5 cl3Nnf] lbg agfOPsf] lrRr/sf] kf]sf 3f}/fdf -e';sf] cfuf]df_ kf]n]/ vfOG5 .

lrRr/;Fu df5f, df;' nufotsf dL7f dL7f vfg]s'/f vfOG5 .

jif{el/sf nflu csf{sf] 3/df sfd ug{ a;]sfx? r?jfx? lvr/fs} lbgb]lv km's'jf

x'g] ePsf]n] o;nfO{ d'lQm lbj;sf] ?kdf klg lng] ul/G5 .

lvr/f dxf]T;jM

yf? hfltn] k|To]s jif{ df3 ! ut] lvr/f kj{ -df3L_ dgfpg] ub{5g\ . To;}u/L yf? ;d'bfon]

;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f ug{] p2]Zon] k|To]s jif{ df3];ª\j|mflGtsf] cj;/df v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf]

j8f g+= % uf}r/gdf …lvr/f dxf]T;jÚ cfof]hgf ub{} cfPsf]5 .

dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g cl3 ljleGg

hfthflt ;+3 ;+:yfsf emfFsL Pjd\

e]ife"iff;lxtsf] zf]ef ofqf x'g] ub{5 . lj=;+=

@)&) ;fnb]lv yf? ;d'bfon] of] lvr/f

dxf]T;j cfof]hgf ub{} cfPsf] 5 . lvr/f

dxf]T;j v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] Ps :yflkt kj{ aGg k'u]sf] 5 . dxf]T;j cjlwe/L yf?

hfthfltsf] k/Dk/fut e]ife"iff;lxtsf] ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd, yf? hfltsf] kl/sf/;lxtsf]

:6nx? / cGo hfthfltsf] :6nx?;d]t /fVg] ul/Psf] 5 . dxf]T;jdf /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo

snfsf/x?sf] k|:t'tL, ld:6/ P08 ld; yf?sf] km];g zf], v'Nnf g[To k|ltof]lutf, s[lif pkh

k|bz{gL, lqsnf tyf xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]lutf, $) jif{ dflysf] e]6«fg bf}8 k|ltof]lutfx?

cfof]hgf x'g] ub{5 .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgLdf dgfOg] rf8af8;DaGwL lel8of]x?

b]vfP/ logsf] dxŒj atfOlbg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 13

• ljleGg hfthfltcg';f/ df3];ª\qmflGtnfO{ s'gs'g gfdn] k'sfl/G5 / s'gs'g

kl/sf/ vfOG5 < tflnsf agfpg'xf];\ .

• tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf df3];ª\qmflGt s]–s;/L dgfOG5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

cEof;

!= 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

s_ df3];ª\qmflGt s'gs'g ;d'bfodf dgfOG5 <

v_ yf? hfltn] df3];ª\qmflGt s;/L dgfpg] ub{5g\ < 5f]6s/Ldf n]Vg'xf];\ .

u_ …lvr/f dxf]T;jÚ cfof]hgf ug{'sf] d"Vo p2]Zo n]Vg'xf];\ .

3_ df3];ª\qmflGtdf s'g s'g :yfgdf d]nfx? nfUg] ub{5g\ <

@= l7s / a]l7s 5'6\ofpg'xf];\ M

s_ df3];ª\qmflGtdf kljq gbL, wfd tyf ;fu/x? h:t}M– l/8L, lqj]0fL, b]j3f6,

a/fxIf]q cflb :yfgdf eJo d]nf nfUb5 .

-v_ df3];ª\qmflGt dgfpg] hflt / ;d'bfolar ;fdLKo / ;f+:s[lts ;lxi0f'tf kfpg

ufx|f] 5 .

-u_ /fd|f] nufpg], dL7f] vfg] / enf] lrtfpg'sf ;fy} u'?–k'/f]lxtx? ohdfgsxfF

dlxdf ;'gfpF5g\ .

3_ lvr/f dxf]T;jn] yf? hfltsf] ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fdf 6]jf k'¥ofpF5 .

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• tkfO{Fsf] 3/ cyjf ljBfno j/k/ ePsf] wfld{s ;Dkbfsf] dxŒj tyf ;+/If0fsf

pkfox? af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

:yfgLo ko{6g

PsfO–#

• v}/xgLsf ko{6sLo :ynx?

• v}/xgL e|d0f

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 15

lrtjg lhNnfdf /x]sf] v}/xgL gu/kflnsf ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s, P]ltxfl;s,

wfld{s / ko{6sLo :ynsf] ?kdf wgL /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qdf k|z:t dfqdf ko{6sLo :ynx?

/x]sf] kfOG5 . lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h, s'd/f]h, /fKtL nf]s sNof0f, s'rs'r], s07]Zj/L,

b]ljyfg, dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg, b/} af]6] tfn, u}8fxf tfn, em08f kfs{, xl/ofnL kfs{,

s'rs'r] lr;fkfgL, s+sfnL / clhË/] ;fd'bflos jg, s+sfnL dfO{sf] dlGb/ / jl/kl/sf]

:yn, s+sfnL lkslgs :k6, l5Ds]Zj/L dftfsf] dlGb/ cflb /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf s]xL ko{6sLo

:ynx?sf] af/]df tn rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

!= s'd/f]h dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg M of] jg

lrtjg lhNnfsf] /fKtL gbL / lrtjg /fli6«o

lgs'~hsf] 5]pdf cjl:yt Pp6f ko{6sLo

7fFp xf] . of] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+=!@

/ !# cjl:yt 5 . ^(!=() x]S6/ If]qkmn

cf]u6]sf] of] jg Ps l;+Ë] u}+8fsf] nflu k|l;4

dflgG5 . o; jgdf lhk ;kmf/L, xfQL ;kmf/L, r/f cjnf]sg, drfgaf6 hLjhgfj/sf]

cjnf]sg, k}bn ofqf, ljleGg hLjhgfj/sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg cflb ko{6sLo ultljlwx?

;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . o; ;fd'bflos jg jl/kl/ xf]6n, nh, /]:6'/]G6 / kfs{ /xg'sf] ;fy}

cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] xf]d:6] / ;f+:s[lts g[To klg b]Vg ;lsG5 . of] jg g]kfns} t];|f]

ko{6sLo :yn ;f}/fxf;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .

@= b/} af]6] tfn M of] tfn v}/xgL gu/kflnsf j8f g+=!@ df s'd/f]h ;fd'bflos jgsf] /fKtL

8\ofd;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . o; tfndf 8'Ëfsf] ;o/, r/fsf] cjnf]sg, uf]xLsf] cjnf]sg, df5f

/ u}+8f x]g{, k|fs[lts b[Zosf] cjnf]sg / /fKtL gbLsf] b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ kfOG5 . of] tfn k;f{

ahf/af6 blIf0fdf kb{5 eg] tfn;Dd k'Ugsf oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf /x]sf] 5 . b/fO{ af]6]x?sf]

v}/xgLsf ko{6sLo

:ynx?

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

cfly{s cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{] p2]Zosf ;fy s'd/f]h dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jgn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] of]

s[lqd tfn cfGtl/s / afXo ko{6sx?sf nflu ko{6sLo uGtJo aGg k'u]sf] 5 . s'd/f]h

dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jgsf] ;]jf If]qleq /x]sf $! 3/3'/LnfO{ nlIft u/L @)&% ;fndf b/}

af]6] tfn lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o; tfn sl/a $ la3f If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] 5 .

lhGbufgL 3f6 tyf s7f/sf] l;dfgf glhs} /x]sf] of] tfn ko{6ssf] cfsif{0fsf]

s]G›sf] ?kdf ;d]t ljsf; ePsf] 5 . lhk ;kmf/Ldfkm{t tfndf k'u]sf ko{6sx? ToxfFsf

/d0fLo b[Zo cjnf]sg u/]/ /dfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . tfndf 8'Ëf ;o/ ug{] Joj:yfn] emg\ ko{6sx?

v';L ePsf] kfpg ;lsG5 . o; ;fd'bflos jgn] ;+/If0f / ko{6gnfO{ cufl8 a9fP ;Fu;Fu}

o;sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL nueu kfFr s/f]8 k'Ug uPsf] kfOG5 .

#= em08f kfs{ M of] v}/xgL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !! df /x]sf] /fKtL gbLsf] 8\ofddf

cjl:yt 5 . o; kfs{df ;oeGbf a9L b]zsf] em08f b]Vg ;lsG5 . /fKtL gbLsf] cjnf]sg,

k|fs[lts b[Zosf] cjnf]sg, kmf]6f] lvRg / /dfOnf] ug{sf nflu of] kfs{ lbg lbg} cfsif{0fsf]

s]G› aGb} uO{/x]sf] 5 .

!= tkfO{Fsf] If]qdf /x]sf] ko{6sLo :ynsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

@= v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ko{6sLo :ynsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

#= ko{6sLo :ynsf] dxŒj n]Vg'xf];\ .

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

cEof;

lqmofsnfklqmofsnfk

• tkfO{Fsf] If]qdf /x]sf s'g} b'O{j6f ko{6sLo :ynsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf k|jw{gfTds

sfddf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;f] ;DaGwL k|rf/ ;fdfu|L tof/ u/L ljBfno kfx'gf tyf

cleefjsx?nfO{ ljt/0f ug{'xf];\ .

• v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ko{6sLo :ynx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ / kof{ko{6g :yn tof/

ug{ lzIfssf] ;xof]udf Ps gd"gf k|:tfj tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 17

v}/xgL e|d0f

-;x/df gofF jif{sf] rxnkxn ;'¿

eO;s]sf] lyof] . a]n'sLsf] vfgf vfg]

a]nfdf ;a}hgf ;Fu} lyP . PSsf;L k|zGgn]

3'Dg hfg] s'/f ;Demfof] . k|zGgn] v';L x'Fb}

eGof], æo;kfnL xfdL 3'Dg lrtjgsf] v}/xgL

hfg] x} cfdf ⁄ dnfO{ hª\un ;kmf/L ug{ dg

nfu]sf] 5 .ÚÚ of] s'/fdf lbbL k|l;l4sfn]

klg ;xdlt hgfOg\ . pgLx? ef]lnkN6 laxfg} v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf dxŒjk"0f{ 7fpFx? 3'Dg]

lg0f{o u/L cf–cfˆgf] ;fdfg Kofs ug{ yfn] ._

@)*!÷!÷!

xfdL laxfg % ah] g} sf7df8f}+af6 x]6fF}8f hfg] a;df r9\of}F . df};d sf7df8f}+df lr;f]

lr;f] lyof] . d}n] Gofgf] sk8f nufPsf] lyPF . lbbLn] eg] hf8f] eof] eGb} cfdfsf] k5\of}/f

tfGb} lyOg\ . a; snª\sLaf6 cufl8 a9\g yfNof] . laxfgsf] ;do a; x'OFls/x]sf] lyof] .

Pp6f dfOqmf] xfdLnfO{ xfGnf h:t} u/]/ cf]e/6\ofs ub}{ cufl8 uof] . d em;ª\u ePF . xfdL

cufl8 a9\b} uof}F . af6f] hfd ePsfn] s/La * aHg} yfn]sf] lyof] . dn]v'df Pp6f xf]6]n

glhs} k'u]/ a; /f]lsof] . xfdL a;af6 cf]ln{of}F . xfdL rf/ hgfn] tfTtftf] ksf}8f / lrof

vfof}+ . Tolta]nf d]/f] gh/ xf]6ndf em'l08/x]sf df5fdf uof] . d}n] v';'Ss egF], æafaf df5f

vfd g .Æ t/ afafn] l9nf] x'G5 Kofs u/]/ n}hfpmF eGb} xf]6njfnfnfO{ df5f Kofs ug{

nufpg'eof] . rfnsn] xg{ ahfPsfn] xfdL ;a} a;df r9\of}F .

cfhsf] xfd|f] uGtJo lrtjgsf] v}/xgL lyof] . a; s'l/g6f/, d'lUng gf/fo0fu9 x'Fb}

v}/xgL r}gk'/ rf]sdf uP/ /f]lsof] . olta]nf sl/a !! alh;s]sf] lyof] . afafn] :yfgLo

xf]6ndf kmf]gaf6} vfgf / sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ul/;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . xfdL la:tf/} c6f]df ;fdfg

/fv]/ l/;f]6{lt/} nfUof}F . sf7df8f}+eGbf v}/xgL t w]/} udL{ /x]5 . xfdL ;a} udL{n] cflQ;s]sf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

lyof}F . t/ e|d0f ug{ kfpFbf v';L lyof}F . Psl5g cf/fd ubf{ xfdL t e';'Ss} lgbfP5f}F .

lapFlembf lbpF;f] % alh;s]sf] /x]5 . xfdL To; lbg ToxL xf]6nd} a:of}F .

@)*!÷!÷@

xfdL laxfg} % ah] g} p7]/ g'xfO w'jfO{ u¥of}F . xfdL tof/ x'Fbf ^ aHg} nfu]sf]

lyof] . xfd|f] cfh o; If]qsf] nf]sk|Lo sª\sfnL dlGb/ hfg] of]hgf lyof] . xf]6nsf] kfn]

bfOnfO{ eg]/ afafn] c6f] af]nfpg'eof] . xfdL rf/}hgf c6f]df a;]/ sª\sfnL dlGb/lt/

nfUof}F . Ps}l5gdf xfdL sª\sfnL ;fd'bflos jgleqsf] lkslgs kfs{df k'Uof}F . kfs{ lgs}

;'Gb/ agfOPsf] /x]5 . ljleGg snfs[lt / ;f+:s[lts 3/n] d]/f] dg lhTof] . xfdL c6f] d}

r9]/ sª\sfnL dlGb/ hfg psfnf] nfUof}F . oxfF t ;fn} ;fnsf] jg /x]5 . dlGb/ gk'Ub} 6fj/

klg /x]5 . xfdL 6fj/df r9]/ rf/}lt/sf] b[Zo x]¥of}F . afafn] xfdL ;a}sf] Ps Ps kmf]6f]

klg lvlrlbg'eof] . xfdL c6f]df r9]/ cem} cufl8 a9\of}F . sª\sfnL b]jLsf] dlGb/ glhs}

k'u]/ c6f] /f]lsof] . xfdL ;a} dlGb/lt/ uof}F . k'hf/Ln] ev{/ laxfgLsf] k"hf ub}{ /x]5g\ .

7'nf] ;fnsf] ¿vsf] km]bdf b]jLsf] lznf / d"lt{ /x]5 . Psl5g s'/]/ sª\sfnL b]jLsf] k"hf

u¥of}F . xfdL ;a}nfO{ cfdfn] 6Lsf klg nufOlbg'eof] . sª\sfnL dlGb/eGbf s]xL k/ k"j{lt/

klxnf v}/xgLsf] ;b/d'sfd /x]5 . clxn] ToxfF k'/fgf] b/af/sf] eUgfjz]if dfq 5 . of]

7fpFnfO{ sª\sfnL sf]6 elgFbf] /x]5 . of] dlGb/ v}/xgLsf] k|Voft dlGb/ /x]5 . oxfF kflnsf

leqsf dfq geP/ lhNnf tyf lhNnf aflx/sf eSthgx? klg cfpg] ubf{ /x]5g\ . kms{bf

emg /dfOnf] eof] . la:tf/} lxF8\bf dlGb/af6 sª\sfnL jgsf] km]bLdf /x]sf] lkslgs :k6df

cfOk'Ug xfdLnfO{ s/La 8]9 306f nfUof] .

kfs{leq du/ ;ª\u|fxno klg /x]5 .

ToxfF /x]sf] du/ ;ª\u|fxno x]g{ uof}F . ToxfF

du/ hfltsf] ;+:s[lt emNsfpg] ljleGg

;fdu|L ;ª\u|x u/]/ /flvPsf /x]5g\ . xfdLn]

oxfF kf/Ljfl/s kmf]6f] lvRof}F . d kfs{df 3'Db}

lyPF . Psflt/ s'x's'x' u/]/ sf]OnL s/fO/x]sf]

lyof] eg] csf]{lt/ sfkmn kfSof] r/Lsf]

cfjfhn] jg} u'lGhPsf] lyof] . /ª\uLlj/ª\uL

km"nx?n] au}Frf lgs} ;'Gb/ lyof] . k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfn] ;lhPsf] sª\sfnL lkslgs kfs{

lgs} ;'Gb/ lyof] . :jR5 jftfj/0f r/fx?sf] lr/la/n] dnfO{ ToxLF al;/x'F NffUof] . cfdfn]

glhs}sf] xf]6ndf vfgfsf] c8{/ ug'{eof] . vfgf vfP/ xfdL ToxfFaf6 lx8\of}F . afafsf] ;fyL

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 19

a]rg ;/ lng cfpg' eof] / pxfFx? cf]zf] wfddf sfo{qmd 5 eg]/ hfg'eof] eg] xfdL c6f]

r9]/ k;f{ ahf/ uof}F .

lbge/sf] 3'dfOn] xfdL yfls;s]sf lyof}F . sf]7fdf uP/ cf/fd u¥of}F . a]n'sLsf]

cf7 ah]lt/ vfgf vfof}F . ef]lnsf] xfd|f] of]hgf hª\un ;kmf/Lsf] lyof] . Tolx /dfOnf]

lbgsf] sNkgf ub}{ d la:t/fdf klN6PF .

@)*!÷!÷#

laxfg r/fsf] lr/la/;Fu} d lgb|faf6 lapFlemPF . cfh xfdL hª\un ;kmf/L hfg] s'/f

lxhf] g} to ePsf] lyof] . d v';L lyPF . xfdL km|]; eP/ lrof gf:tf vfof}F . ;kmf/Lsf nflu

afafsf] ;fyL clj/n ;/n] ;a} Joj:yf ldnfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;kmf/Lsf] lhk klg 6'Kn'Ss

xf]6nd} cfOk'Uof] . clj/n ;/ ;Fu} afafsf ;fyLx?, 8f]Ndf, nfskf, l5l/Ë ;/ cfpg'eof] .

xfdL ;kmf/Lsf nflu laxfg *M!% lt/ lx8\of}F . v}/xgLdf /x]sf ;+:yfut tyf ;fd'bflos

ljBfno / sn]hx? d}n] lhkaf6} b]v]F . xfdL cufl8 a9\b} uof}F . cfdfn] a'9f}nLdf :ofp,

s]/f, abfd / kfgL lsGg'eof] .

xfdL s'd/f]h dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jgleq k|j]z u¥of}F . ToxfF of] jgnfO{ ko{6sLo

jg elgFbf] /x]5 . o;sf] If]qkmn ^(!=() x]S6/ /x]sf] s'/f ;ª\u} ofqf ;kmf/L ug'{ePsf

gGblszf]/ ;/n] atfpg'eof] . lhk rfnsn] ;kmf/L ubf{ w]/} 7'nf] :j/df af]Ng gx'g], vfg

gx'g], lhkaf6 aflx/ lg:sg gx'g] s'/f atfpg'eof] . dnfO{ t ;fx|} 8/ nfUof] clg d afaf /

cfdfsf] lardf uP/ a;]F .

;kmf/Lsf] lhk la:tf/} cufl8 a9\b}

uof] . cufl8 a9\b} hfFbf xfdLn] af6}df

s/fO/x]sf :ofn, do'/, ags'v'/f b]Vof}F . lhk

6Ss /f]lsof] . xfdL r'krfk nfu]/ x]¥of}F .

afafn] l56f] l56f] kmf]6f] lvRg'eof] . xfd|f]

lhk k'gM cufl8 a9\of] . s]xL ;dokl5

nfdL tfndf cfxfn v]nL/x]sf b'O{j6f

u}8f b]Vof}F . nfdL tfn s'd/f]h dWojtL{

;fd'bflos jgleqsf] 7'nf] l;d;f/ /x]5 . xfdL lhk ;kmf/Ldf lyof}F eg] s]xL ko{6sx? xfQL

;kmf/L ul//x]sf lyP . dfpt]n] tflnd lbFb} u/]sf] Pp6f ;fgf] aRrf xfQL NofpFb} u/]sf] b]Vof}F .

cfdfn] k}+;f lbP/ xfQLnfO{ bz{g ug'eof] . hª\unleq ko{6sx?nfO{ jGohGt' cjnf]sg

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

ug{sf nflu 6fj/ klg agfOPsf] /x]5 . xfdL 6fj/ glhs}af6 cufl8 a9\of}F . Psl5g kl5

t /t'jf, kf6] d[u / n3'gfsf ayfg b]Vof}F . ToxfF xfdL;Fu}} hd{g ko{6sx? klg lyP . d[u

b]Vgf;fy pgLx?n] Sofd/f lgsfn]/ kmf]6f] lvRg yfn] . afafn] klg d[usf] kmf]6f] lvRg'eof] .

d}n] klg ljb]zL ko{6sx?;Fu} kmf]6f] lvr]F .

xfdL /fKtL gbLsf] lsgf/}lsgf/ cufl8 a9\of}F . olta]nf 8f]Ndf d]8dn] Nofpg'ePsf]

3/d} kfs]sf lnrL vfFb} /dfpFb} ;kmf/Lsf] cfgGb lnO/x]sf lyof}F . /fKtL gbLnfO{ b]vfpFb}

æafa'gfgL Û ltdLx?nfO{ yfxf 5 < /fKtL gbLnfO{ l/p vf]nf klg elgG5Æ clj/n ;/n]

atfpg'eof] . l/p vf]nf / /fKtL gbL eg]sf] Pp6} /x]5 eGg] s'/f aNn yfxf kfofF} . xfdL b/fO{

af]6] tfn / u}8f tfn k'Uof}F . ToxfF /x]sf] k;ndf k'u]/ lhk 6Ss /f]lsof] . ;a}hgf lhkaf6

cf]ln{of}F . nfskf ;/n] hª\un ;kmf/L ubf{ xfdLn] ;'Gb/ k|fs[lts b[Zosf ;fy} oxfFsf

jGohGt', jg:klt, l;d;f/ If]q tyf tfnx?sf] k|ToIf cjnf]sg ug{ kfOG5 eGg'eof] . ;fy}

cjnf]sg e|d0fn] dgf]/~hgsf ;fy} 1fgsf] bfo/f km/flsnf] x'G5 eGg] s'/f klg atfpg'eof] .

olta]nf dWofGxsf] !@ alh;s]sf] lyof] . vfgfsf] nflu eg] clj/n ;/n] b/fO{

xf]d:6]df kmf]gaf6} Joj:yf ldnfpg' ePsf] lyof] . j]rg ;/n] cfh hnkmn vfg'k5{ x}

eGg'eof] . xfdL s] /x]5 hnkmn eg]/ lgSs} pT;'s eof}F . xfdLn] bfn eft t/sf/L / df5f

vfof}F t/ hnkmnsf] eg] kQ} lyPg . vfgf vfO;s]kl5 j]rg ;/n] gfgLafa' v}/xgLsf]

hnkmn s:tf] nfUof] t < eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof] . xfdL cndNn k¥of}F . k]df d]8dn] hnkmn

eg]sf] df5fnfO{ xf] lg eGbf kf] xfdL bª\u kb}{ ld7f] lyof] eGof}F . xfdL b/fO{ xf]d:6]d} a:of}F

. c¿ ;a} cfcfˆgf] 3/ hfg'eof] . o;kfnLsf] ofqf c;fWo} /dfOnf] ePsf] lyof] . xfdLn]

clxn] 3'Dg gkfPsf cf]zf] wfd, dfgj ;]jf cf>d, s[i0f dlGb/ em08f kfs{ cflb csf]{ k6s

cfpFbf 3'Dg] s'/f u¥of}F .

ef]lnkN6 xfdL laxfg ;ft ah] p7]/ g'jfOw'jfO ;Sof}F . xfd|f] nflu lrof gf:tf

tof/ ePsf] /x]5 . xfdLn] ;Fu} vfof}F . oxfFsf dflg;x?n] ug]{ Jojxf/ / cfTdLokgn] dnfO{

km]l/ klg olxF a:g cfpg dg nfUof] . cfˆg} 3/df afaf cfdf;Fu} a;]h:tf] nfUof] . x'g t

afaf cfdf ;Fu} x'g'x'GYof] t/ oxfF t PSn} cfpFbf klg PSnf] cg'e"lt gx'Fbf] /x]5 . xfdL cf7

ah]lt/ c6f] r9]/ r}gk'/ rf]sdf cfof}F . s]xL ;dokl5 x]6f}F8faf6 sf7df8f}+ hfg] a; cfof] .

xfdL To;}df r9]/ sf7df8f}+ kmls{of}F .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 21

lj|mlj|mofsnfk M ofsnfk M

• ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx? Û cfkm" 3'Dg uPsf 7fpFsf af/]df lbOPsf] h:t} ofqf j0f{g tof/

ug{'xf];\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgLdf ePsf dxŒjk"0f{ 7fpFsf af/]df hfgsf/L

u/fpg'sf ;fy} cjnf]sg e|d0fdf n}hfg] jftfj/0f ldnfpg ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps jfSodf pQ/ eGg'xf];\ M

s_ k|zGgsf] kl/jf/ v}/xgLdf slt lbg 3'd] <

v_ klxnf v}/xgLsf] ;b/d'sfd sxfF /x]5 . <

u_ kfs{df s'g hfltsf] ;ª\u|fxno /x]5 <

3_ nfdL tfn sxfF k5{ <

ª_ /fKtL vf]nfsf] csf]{ gfd s] xf] <

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] ;ª\lIfKt pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

s_ s+sfnL lkslgs kfs{ s:tf] lyof] <

v_ hª\un ;kmf/Ldf sf] sf] ;xefuL ePsf lyP <

u_ pgLx?n] hª\un ;kmf/Ldf s] s] b]v] <

3_ hª\un ;kmf/L ubf{ s] kmfObf x'G5 <

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx? cfkm" 3'Dg uPsf 7fpFsf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/fx?sf] l6kf]6 u/L Ps

lbgsf] b}lgsL n]Vg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

:yfgLo s[lif Joj;fo

PsfO–$

• km"n v]tL

• h}ljs lgoGq0f ljlw

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 23

km"n b]Vbf dg gkg]{ dfG5] ;fob x'Fb}g

xf]nf . km"nsf] cg'kd ;f}Gbo{ b]v]/ x/]s

dfG5]sf] dg df]lxt aG5 . dfG5] km"n x]g{,

km"nsf] glhs hfg, :kz{ ug{ / hfgsf/L

lng nf]leG5 . km"nnfO{ dfgj hLjgdf

efjgfTds ;'Gb/tf, kljqtf / sf]dntfsf]

k|tLs dflgG5 . km"nsf] dxŒj dfgj hLjgsf]

;'¿jftb]lv g} x'Fb} cfPsf] kfOG5 . ljleGg

km"nx?n] dflg;sf ljleGg efjgfsf] klg cleJolSt ub{5g\ .

km"nsf k|sf/M

-afa'gfgL xfdL df}ifdL / ax'jif{] km"n tyf cGo km"nsf af/]df s'/f ub}{5f}F ._

-s_ df};dL km"nM

df};dL km"n eGgfn] Ps jif{leq cfˆgf] hLjgrqm k"/f u/L af]6};d]t d/]/ hfg] km"nsf

la¿jfx?nfO{ a'lemG5 . h:t}M ;okqL, ;"o{d'vL, nfx'/] cflb .

-v_ ax'jif]{ km"nM

ax'jif]{ km"n eGgfn] h;sf] hLjgrqm Ps jif{eGbf a9L ;do;Dd /xL ;f]xL af]6af6

lg/Gt/ km"n km'Ng] km"nsf la¿jfx?nfO{ hgfpF5 . h:t}M u'nfkm, uf]bfa/L, rd]nL cflb .

km"nsf] pkof]lutf

km"n hGdb]lv hLjgsfn / d[To';Dd cfjZos kg]{ j:t' xf] . afns hGd]kl5 To;sf]

km"n v]tL

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

v'l;ofnLdf z'elrGtsx?n] k'ik u'R5fåf/f afnssf cfdfa'afnfO{ awfO{ lbg] rng klg 5 .

ljjfx / cGo v';Lsf pT;jx?df k'ik u'R5fsf] ck{0f ug]{ rng a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 .

km"n v';L / b'Mvdf klg ;fy lbg] k|s[ltsf] cg'kd pkxf/ xf] . s'g} JolQmn] 7'nf] kb

k|fKt ugf{;fy p;nfO{ k'ik u'R5fx?sf] pkxf/ lbOG5 . Toltdfq xf]Og, dfG5]sf] d[t z/L/df

>bf~hnL ck{0f ug{ k'ik u'R5fx? g} rflxG5g\ . lxGb' ;+:sf/ / dfGotf cg'?k km"nx?

b]jtfsf k|;fb x'g . 3/df x'g] ljleGg k"hfcfhf, k'/f0f / j|tx?df klg km"n g} rflxG5 .

lxGb'x?sf rf8kj{, pT;j a|t, cg'i7fg cflb cj;/df km"n geO{ x'Fb}g .

km"naf6 ljleGg ;'ulGwt t]nx? lgsfNg ;lsG5 h;sf] d"No dxËf] kb{5 .

km"naf6 af:gfbf/ cQ/x? lgsfNg ;lsG5 . km"nx?sf] k|of]u s:d]l6s / ;hfj6sf If]qdf

klg ePsf] kfOG5 . km"nnfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf cf}ifwL lgdf{0fdf ;d]t k|of]u ul/G5 .

df}/Lkfngsf nflu klg km"n geO{ gx'g] s'/f xf] . o;/L km"n ax'pkof]uL j:t' xf] .

km"n v]tL ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? M

km"n /f]Kbf dlnnf] df6f] 5gf]6 ug{ ;s]df pko'Qm x'G5 . km"n pTkfbg ubf{ cfkm}+n] aLp

lahg /fVg klg ;lsG5 eg] g;{/Laf6 klg lng ;lsG5 .

df6f]df dn ld;fP/ /f]Kg ;s]df km"n df}nfP/ cfpg] u5{ . km"n /f]k]kl5 To;sf]

/]vb]v ug{' cfjZos x'G5 . plrt ;dodf l;+rfO{ ug]{, dn /fVg], uf]8d]n ug]{, emf/ pvNg],

ls/f km6\ofË|faf6 hf]ufpg] sfd lg/Gt/ ?kdf ul//xg'k5{ .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf klg k'ik v]tLsf] alnof] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . oxfF pTkflbt

km"nx?sf] d'Vo ahf/ gf/fo0fu9, kf]v/f, sf7df8f}F, a'6jn ePsfn] ahf/sf] ;d:of klg

/xFb}g .

o; gu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= !, @, ^, !) sf ls;fgn] k'iksf] v]tL ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

oxfF ljz]if ?kdf ;okqL km"nsf] v]tL cln a9L x'g] u/]sf] 5 . k'ik v]tL ug]{ ls;fgsf

nflu o; gu/kflnsfn] 1fg, l;k ljsf;sf nflu lgMz'Ns tflnd tyf cg'bfgdf dlNrª

Knfli6s, d]lzg/L cf}hf/ cflbsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . Joj;flos ?kdf k'ik v]lt ug{ ;s]

cfly{s ljsf;df ;xof]u k'Ug] k|r'/ ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . v]lt ;DalGw cfjZos hfgsf/Lsf

nflu v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] j]a;fO6, gu/kflnsf / s[lif ljsf; zfvfsf] km];a's k]hdf

lgoldt ;fdfu|Lx? x]g{ ;lsG5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 25

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ km"nnfO{ dfgj hLjgdf s] sf] k|tLs dflgG5 <

-v_ u'nfasf] km"n s] sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 <

-u_ s:tf km"nnfO{ df};dL km"n elgG5 <

-3_ km"n k|s[ltsf] s:tf] cg'kd pkxf/ xf] <

-ª_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] km"n Joj;foLx?nfO{ s] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 <

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] nfdf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ km"n s] s:tf k|sf/sf x'G5g\ < j0f{g ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ km"nsf] pkof]lutf / dxŒjsf af/]df k|sfz kfg{'xf];\ .

#= tnsf l7s jfSo dfq sfkLdf ;fg{'xf];\ M

-s_ km"nsf] ;f}Gbo{n] ;a}nfO{ df]lxt agfpF5 .

-v_ df};dL km"n nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg] km"n xf] .

-u_ km"n Joj;fo yf]/} nufgLdf w]/} cfDbfgL lng] Joj;fo xf] .

-3_ km"n Psk6s /f]k]kl5 To;nfO{ s]xL ug{'kb}{g .

-ª_ g]kfndf km"nsf] dfu a9\bf] 5 .

cEof;

lqmofsnfk Mlqmofsnfk M

lzIf0f–;'emfj M lzIf0f–;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ glhs}sf] k'ik Joj;fo ul/Psf] 7fpFdf :ynut cjnf]sgsf nflu

n}hfg'xf];\ / k'ik Joj;fosf ljljw kIfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

• tkfO{Fsf] 3/df s:tf s:tf km"nx? x'G5g\ < tL km"nx? s] s] sfdsf nflu k|of]u

ul/G5g\ < n]Vg'xf];\ .

• km"nsf] dxŒj ga'em]sf cleefjsnfO{ km"nsf] dxŒj a'emfpFb} k'ik Joj;fosf nflu

k|]l/t ub}{ Pp6f lr7L n]Vg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

h}ljs lgoGq0f ljlw

h}ljs lgoGq0f h;nfO{ jfof]sG6«f]n jf jfof]k|f]6]S;g klg elgG5 . cGo hLjx?, k|fs[lts ;q'x?, /f]u

hgsx?, ;]df]s]ldsnx? / k|fs[lts kbfy{x? k|of]u u/]/ ls6 lgoGq0f ug{] ljlw xf] .

of] IBMA -cGt/f{li6«o h}ljs

lgoGq0f pTkfbs ;+3_ sf cg';f/ h}ljs

lgoGq0f ljlwn] pTkfbgx?nfO{ lgDg ?kdf

kl/eflift ub{5 M

k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg x'g] cf}hf/x?,

dfgj :jf:Yo / jftfj/0fdf sd k|efj kfg]{,

ls/f, emf/ / /f]ux? Joj:yfkg u5{g\ . dflg;x?n] zq'hLjx?sf] km}nfj6 Joj:yfkg ug{,

afnLx? hf]ufpg / kof{j/0f Pjd\ af;:yfgx?df ;Gt'ng k'g:yf{lkt ug{ of] b[li6sf]0f

;kmntfk"j{s k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf 5 . sL6gfzs ljiffbLx?sf] k|fs[lts ljsNksf] ?kdf

zq'hLjx?sf] h}ljs lgoGq0f ljlwn] k|fs[lts ?kd} pknAw k|ljlwx? u|x0f ub{5 /

ltgLx?nfO{ jftfj/0fLo ?kdf ;'/lIft tl/sfn] zq'hLjx?sf] lgoGq0f ug{ k|of]u ub{5 . ;xL

tl/sfn] k|of]u ubf{ o;n] pTkfbsx?nfO{ l;+y]l6s /;fogx?sf] k|of]u sd ug{ ;Ifd agfpg

;S5 . oL /;fogx?n] dfgj, jGohGt' / df6f]sf] :jf:Yodf ljgfzsf/L ?kdf gsf/fTds

c;/ kfg{ ;S5g\ .

h}ljs sL6 lgoGq0fsf] nIo s] xf] / o;nfO{ s;n] k|of]u ug{'k5{ <

h}ljslgoGq0fsf] nIo pTkfbsx?nfO{ ltgLx?sf] af]6df cgfjZos sL6x? /

/f]ux?af6 hf]ufpg' xf] . dfgjnfO{ vt/fdf kfg]{, jGohGt'nfO{ xfgL gug]{ jf sL6 k|lt/f]wnfO{

a9fjf lbg' o;sf] sfd xf] . of] cuf{lgs / lbuf] v]tLdf ¿lr /fVg] dflg;x?nfO{ klg pko'Qm

5 .

h}ljs sL6 lgoGq0f lsg cfjZos 5 <

k|fs[lts tl/sfaf6 s[lif aflnsf] ls/f tyf /f]ux? lgoGq0f ug{ bL3{sflng ?kdf

:j:y, ;'/lIft / jftfj/0fd}qL agfpgsf nflu h}ljs ls6 lgoGq0f ljlw cfjZos 5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 27

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ h}ljs lgoGq0f eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ IBMA n] pTkfbgx?nfO{ s;/L kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 <

-u_ h}ljs lgoGq0f lsg cfjZos 5 <

-3_ h}ljs sL6 lgoGq0fsf] nIo s] xf] <

-ª_ h}ljs lgoGq0f s;sf nflu cfjZos 5 <

o;sf k|d'v sf/0fx? lgDg 5g\M

!= /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] c;/ 36fpg

@= jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{

#= ls6 k|lt/f]w 36fpg

$= :j:y pTkfbg a9fpg

%= nfut 36fpg

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf a9\bf] a]df};dL tyf Jofj;flos v]tL k|0ffnLsf sf/0f

/f;folgs laiffbLsf] k|of]u a9\bf] 5 . a9\bf] Joj;flos v]tL tyf /f;folgs laiffbLsf]

cGwfw'Gw k|of]usf sf/0f ljleGg g;g]{ /f]u nfu]sf dflg;sf] ;ª\Vof lbg k|ltlbg a9\bf]

5 . ls;fgdfem /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] ljsNkdf o; gu/kflnsfsf] s[lif zfvfn] ljleGg

tflnd lbFbf h}ljs ljlwaf6 v]tL ug]{ tl/sfx? tyf h}ljs ;fdu|L tof/ ug]{ k|of]ufTds

ljlw klg l;sfpg] u/]sf] 5 . /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] ;'/lIft k|of]usf nflu ls;fgnfO{ g}

bIf agfpg] p2]Zon] ls;fg ;d"x÷s[lif ;xsf/Ldfkm{t !^ xKt] PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg

-cfO{=kL=Pd=_ ls;fg kf7zfnf ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;afx]s o; gu/kflnsfn]

ls;fgx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] h}ljs ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{ l;sfpg] lel8of] ;fdu|L,

lnˆn]6 pTkfbg u/L ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 k|sfzg Pjd\ k|;f/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

lzIf0f–;'emfj M lzIf0f–;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ h}ljs lgoGq0fsf ljleGg ;fdu|Lx? k|bz{g u/fO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk Mlj|mofsnfk M

• h}ljs lgoGq0f ljlwsf af/]df cfˆgf] 5/l5d]ssf s[lif lj1;Fu ;f]w]/ pgsf

cg'ejsf af/]df hfgsf/L lnO{ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

• :yfgLo k];f tyf Joj;fosf] ;fdfGo kl/ro

• k/Dk/fut l;kx?

(

:yfgLo k];f, Joj;fo / k|ljlw

PsfO–%

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 29

(

:yfgLo k];f tyf Joj;fosf] ;fdfGo kl/ro

:yfgLo k];f tyf Joj;fo eGgfn] s'g} ;d'bfo jf If]qdf cfwfl/t ToxfFsf] ;|f]t, ;Lk,

;+:s[lt tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;~rfng ul/g] k];f tyf cfyL{s ultljlwx?nfO{ hgfOG5

. o;df s[lif, kz'kfng, l;nfOa'gfO, sf7÷wft'÷9'+uf snf, 3/]n' pBf]u, v'b|f k;n, xf]d–:6],

9'jfgL ;]jf nufotsf sfo{x? kb{5g\ . :yfgLo k]zf tyf Joj;foaf6 /f]huf/L l;h{gf,

:yfgLo ;|f]tsf] pkof]u, cfly{s pGglt, ;+:s[lt tyf k/Dk/fsf] ;+/If0f, d"No clej[l4 Pjd\

:yfgLo ljsf;df dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg h:tf kmfObfx? x'G5g\ .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf klg :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?n] cfo cfh{g tyf hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu

ljleGg :yfgLo k];fx? ;~rfng u/LcfPsf 5g\ . tL dWo] df5fkfng, s'v'/fkfng,

afv|fkfng, t/sf/L tyf cGgafnL cflb .

afv|fkfng Joj;foM

g]kfndf kflng] kz'x?dWo] afv|f ;a}eGbf nf]slk|o hgfj/ xf] . afv|f ax'pkof]uL

kz' xf] . o;af6 df;', b"w, 5fnf pknAw x'g'sf ;fy} v]tLsf nflu a8\sf}nf / d"q klg

kfOG5 . To;}n] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf cGo kz'kIfLsf] t'ngfdf afv|fkfng Joj;fodf w]/}sf]

cfsif{0f b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fgf] 7fpFdf klg kfNg ;lsg], cfjZos kbf{ t'¿Gt} a]r]/ gub k|fKt ug{

;lsg], yf]/} k'FhLaf6 klg ;'¿ ug{ ;lsg], w]/} hgzlQm geP klg x'g] ePsfn] u|fdL0f If]qdf Go"g

cfo x'g] dflg;x?sf nflu klg afv|fkfng pkof]uL b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfndf v;L / af]sfsf]

df;'sf] ahf/sf] 7'nf] ;Defjgf 5 . afv|fkfng ug{] lg0f{o ugf{;fy vf]/ lgdf{0f / 3fF;v]tL

;Fu;Fu} cufl8 a9fpg'kg{] x'G5 .

afv|fkfng Jofj;fo ;'¿ ug{'eGbf cufl8 Pp6f of]hgf agfpg'kb{5 . afv|fsf af/]df

/fd|f];Fu cWoog / cjnf]sg ug{'kb{5 . cfˆg} 7fpFdf ;kmn Jofj;fo ul//x]sf dflg;x?;Fu

s'/fsfgL ug{' /fd|f] x'G5 . Jofj;fosf] ;'¿jft nufgLsf] k|s[ltcg'';f/ e/ k5{ . pGgt kf7f

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

lsg]/ x'sf{pg] jf afv|f lsg]/ k|hggdfkm{t a9fpg] eGg] s'/f ;'¿d} lg0f{o ug{'k5{ . Ps}kN6 w]/}

7'nf] nufgL ug{'eGbf klg klxnf ;fgf]af6 ;'¿ u/]/ ;ª\Vof a9fpFb} hfg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

v}/xgLdf k|rlnt afv| fsf hft M

-s_ v/L afv|f

-u_ af]o/ afv|f

-3_ hd'gfkf/L

v}/xgL gu/sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, kz' ;]jf zfvfdfkm{t o; gu/kflnsf

cGtu{tsf t]x|cf]6} j8fx?df afv|fkfng Joj;fo k|jw{g ul/Psf] 5 . kz' zfvfdfkm{t\

afv|fx?df nfUg] dxfdf/L ;¿jf /f]ulj?4 EoflS;g];g ug]{{ sfo{ klg lgoldt ?kdf

eO/x]sf] 5 . kflnsfn] ls;fgx?nfO{ 3fF;sf] lap klg lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ub}{{ cfPsf]

5 . To;}u/L gu/kflnsfn] afv|f kfns Joj;foLx?sf nflu pGgt hftsf] af]sf ljt/0f

/ afv|f ljt/0f klg ub{} cfPsf] 5 . olta]nf gu/kflnsfsf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx? / a}b]lzs

/f]huf/af6 kms{]sfx? klg afv|fkfngdf ;+nUg ePsf] kfOG5 .

lzIf0f–;'emfj M lzIf0f–;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgLsf Jofj;flos afv|fkfng ePsf 7fpFdf k|ToIf cjnf]sg

e|d0f u/fpg'xf];\ .

• v}/xgLsf ;DaGwdf u'un / o'6\o'adf hfgsf/Ld"ns ;fdu|L vf]hL sIffdf k|:t't

ug{'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk Mlj|mofsnfk M

• lzIfs / cleefjssf] ;xof]udf gu/kflnsfdf ePsf Jofj;flos afv|f

kmfd{sf gfdx? n]Vg'xf];\ .

• tkfO{Fsf] 7fpFdf afv|fn] vfg] s:tf s:tf 3fF;x? 5g\ . cleefjsnfO{

;f]wL 3fF;x?sf] gfd n]v]/ Nofpg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 31

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ :yfgLo k];f tyf Joj;fo eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ afv|f s:tf] hgfj/ xf] <

-u_ afv|f s]sf nflu kflnG5 <

-3_ afv|fsf nflu s]–s:tf 3fF; nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 <

-ª_ v}/xgLdf s:tf afv|f a9L kflnPsf 5g\ <

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] nfdf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ g]kfndf afv|fkfng Joj;fodf cfsif{0f a9\g'sf sf/0fx? n]Vg'xf];\ .

-v_ afv|fkfng Joj;fodf x'g] k|d'v ;d:ofx? s]s] x'g\ < n]Vg'xf];\ .

#= tnsf jfSox¿ l7s eP -_ lrXg / a]l7s eP a]l7s lrXg -_ nufpg'xf];\ M

-s_ v}/xgL afv|fkfngsf nflu pko'Qm 5 .

-v_ afv|fkfng yf]/} k};f ePsfn] klg ug{ ;S5g\ .

-u_ afv|fkfng ubf{ 3fF; v]tL geP klg x'G5 .

-3_ afv|fkfng ug{'eGbf cufl8 kf]v/L agfpg'k5{ .

$= vfnL 7fpF eg{'xf];\ M

-s_ afv|f ===================== kz' xf] . -cg'kof]uL÷ax'pkof]uL_

-v_ afv|fkfng ug{'eGbf cufl8 g} ==============agfpg'k5{ . -vf]/, 5fk|f]_

-u_ afv|fsf] vf]/ ============== x'g'k5{ . -cFWof/f], pHofnf]_

%= v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf ;~rflnt Joj;fox? h:t}M afv|fkfng jf df5fkfng

ul//x]sf Joj;foLnfO{ e]6L Joj;fosf] af/]df hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

k/Dk/fut l;kx?

efOalxgLx? Û xfd|f k'vf{x?n] klxNo}b]lv cfˆgf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;fdfgx?

cfkm} agfpFy] . cfˆgf xftåf/f dfn;fdfg tof/ ul/g] sfo{nfO{ l;k elgG5 . o;/L klxNo}b]lv

wft' jf cGo kbfy{;DaGwL tof/ ul/g] x:tsnfnfO{ k/Dk/fut l;k elgG5 . x:tsnf eg]s}

xftn] agfpg] l;k xf] eGg] a'lemG5 .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsf, lrtjg lhNnfsf] Ps ;d[4 If]q xf] . hxfF ljleGg hftLo ;d'bfox?

a;f]af; u5{g . o; If]qsf] ;fF:s[lts ljljwtf / k/Dk/fut hLjz}lnsf sf/0f oxfF ljleGg

x:tsnf / ;Lkx? ljsf; ePsf 5g\ . cfhsf] sIffdf xfdL xfd|f] kflnsfdf k|rlnt s]lx

k/Dk/fut l;kx?sf] af/]df rrf{ ug]{5f}F .

!= df6f]sf] snf s[ltM

df6f]af6 agfOg] k/Dk/fut efF8fs'8fx? o; ;Lk cGtu{t kb{5g\ . h:t}M 3}+6f], udnf

cflb .

@= sfi7 snf s[ltM

sf7af6 k/Dk/fb]lv k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf ;Lkx? k|of]u u/L lgdf{0f ul/g] ;fdfu|Lx?

o;sf pbfx/0fx? x'g\ . h:t}M dlGb/sf 6'F8fn d'7fn, hgfj/sf d"tL{x?, ljleGg a'§]

bf/ ;hfj6sf ;fdfu|Lx? cflb .

#= x:tsnfM

j]t, afF; tyf 3fF;x?af6 klg snfTds s[ltx? lgdf{0f ug{] l;kx? o; cGtu{t

kb{5g\ . h:t}M 8f]sf], gfDnf], gfª\nf], 5qL, 3'd, 9lsof, 6k/L cflb .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 33

$= l;nfO{–a'gfO{ tyf a'§f eg{] ;LkM

o; cGtu{t k|foh;f] dlxnfx?åf/f ul/g] s'tf{, ;f/L cflbdf a'§f eg{], xftn] l;pg],

/+uLrËL wfuf]n] a'§f eg]{ ;Lk kb{5g\ .

;fy} oxfF k|rlnt cGo ljleGg ;Lkx?df ;'g rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg] ;Lk, cf/

gdf kmnfdsf efF8fx? agfpg] ;Lk, tdfË / u'?Ë a;f]af; If]qdf s]xL dfqfdf yfª\sf lrq

agfpg] ;Lksf] klg k|of]u ePsf] kfO{G5 .

cEof;

!= pko'Qm zAb /fvL vfnL 7fpF eg{'xf];\ M

-s_ 8f]sf]======================= af6 agfOG5 .

-v_ x:tsnf eg]sf] ======================= agfpg] ;Lk xf] .

-u_ em\ofn 9f]sfdf a'§f eg{] snfnfO{ ================= snf elgG5 .

@= tnsf a]l7s jfSonfO{ l7s agfP/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ xFl;of agfpg kmnfd rflxG5 .

-v_ 8f]sf] agfpg sf7 rflxG5 .

-u_ s'tf{ ;f/L a'§f eg{] ;LknfO{ l;nfO{–a'gfO{ tyf a'§f eg{] ;Lk elgG5 .

lqmofsnfk Mlqmofsnfk M

• tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf k|rlnt :yfgLo ;Lkx?sf] ;"rL tof/ u/L sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

• sfi7snfsf] af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfj M lzIf0f ;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf k|rlnt :yfgLo k/Dk/fx?sf] ;"rL tof/

u/L sIffdf kfn}kfnf] k9\g nufpg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• tkfOF{{sf] ufpFdf 8f]sf], 8fnf] / esf/L a'Gg] l;k ePsf sf]xL JolQmx? xf]nfg\ .

pgLx?nfO{ ljBfnodf g} lgdGq0ff u/L 8f]sf], 8fnf] / esf/L a'g]sf] x]g{'xf];\ /

s;/L a'lgFbf] /x]5 < l;Sg] k|of; ug{'xf];\ .

#= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-3_ :yfgLo ;Lk eg]sf] s] xf] <

-ª_ sfi7 snf eg]sf] s] xf] <

-r_ xfd|f] kflnsfdf k/Dk/fut k|rlnt ;Lkx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

$= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] nfdf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ k/Dk/fut ;Lksf] s'g} kfFr j6f dxTjx? pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .

-v_ xfdLn] :yfgLo ;Lk tyf k/Dk/fx/sf] ;+/If0f lsg ug{'k5{ < n]Vg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 35

:yfgLo k|fs[lts ;Dkbf

PsfO–^

• h}ljs ljljwtf

• alxgLnfO{ lr7L

• j[Iff/f]k0f / jg ;+/If0f

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

h}ljs ljljwtf

s]xL lbgb]lv aflnsfn] cfˆgf] 3/sf] /]l8of]df h}ljs ljljwtf eGg] zAb ;''Gb}

cfO/x]sL 5g\ . of] ;''Gbf ljleGg k|sf/sf hgfj/ clg jg:kltsf af/]df klg ;''g]sL 5g\ .

/]l8of]n] xfd|f] h:tf] ;fgf] b]z h}ljs ljljwtfdf wgL ePsf], o;sf] ;++/If0f JolQm, ;d''bfo /

/fi6«n] dfq geO{ ;+;f/sf ;a} b]z ldn]/ ;+/If0f ug''{kg{] s''/f klg ;''g]sL /lx5g\ . t/ pgnfO{

a''em]h:tf] cg''ej g} ePg5 . To;}n] Pslbg ljBfno hfg] qmddf o; ljifodf u''¿;Fu

s''/fsfgL ub}{ uOg\ . aflnsf / u''¿;Fu ePsf] ;+jfbnfO{ tn k|:t''t ul/Psf] 5 .

aflnsf M u''¿ gdg Û

u'? M gdg, cfzLjf{b aflnsf .

aflnsf M u''¿===u'?== cF Û cF Û

u'? M eg g, ltdL s]xL eGg vf]Hb} 5f} xf] <

aflnsf M xf] u''¿, cF Tof] h}ljs ljljwtf eGg] /]l8of] sfo{qmd /x]5 . ;''Gbf cfgGb kf]

cfof] t/ v} Û d}n] a''´\g} ;lsg .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 37

u'? M h}ljs ljljwtf zAb gf}nf] nfUof] xf] < To;f] eP ;''g .

aflnsf M n Û eGg''; æh}ljs ljljwtf eg]sf] vf;df s] xf] <Æ

u'? M ltdLn] xfd|f] jl/kl/ ljleGg k|sf/sf hgfj/, sL/fkm6\ofª\u|f, ¿v, la¿jf,

jg:klt b]v]sL 5f} lg Û ltgLx?sf] ;ª\Vof klg b]v]sL 5f} . xf] ltgLx?sf]

k|sf/ / ;ª\VofnfO{ g} h}ljs ljljwtf elgG5 . cyf{t\ hLjx?df kfOg]

leGgtf, ;ª\Vof / ltgLx?sf] af;:yfg ;d]tnfO{ h}ljs ljljwtf elgG5 .

aflnsf M u''¿ h}ljs ljljwtf gx''Fbf] xf] t ;+;f/ z"Goh:t}M x''GYof] xf]nf x} Û

u'? M -xfF:b}===_ s:tf] /f]rs s''/f u/]sL ltdLn], n Û eg t Û ltdLnfO{ lsg To:tf]

nfUof] <

aflnsf M h:tf] ls Û ;+;f/df of t dfG5]dfq}, of t df5fdfq}, of t af3 efn''dfq}, of t

sldnf, nfdv''§] dfq} x''Fbf x'g\ clg ltgLx? sf];Fu xfF:bf x''g\ < sf];Fu af]Nbf

x'g\ < s;nfO{ ufnL ubf{ x'''g\ < To:tf] sNkgf u/]/ cfkm}F crDd dfg]sL lg Û

u''¿ .

u'? M xf] Û ltdLn] l7s s''/f u¥of} . h}ljs ljljwtfn] ubf{ g} cfh ;+;f/ ;''Gb/

ag]sf] 5 . of] ;[li6sf] cg''kd pkxf/ kf] xf] t Û To;}n] o;sf] ;''Gb/tf sfod

/fVg xfdLn] 3/}b]lv k|of; ug'{k5{ .

aflnsf M clg lg u'? 3/af6 t k|of; ug{] t/ hª\undf a:g], kfgLdf a:g], b'nf]df

a:g]nfO{, s;/L ;+/If0f ug{] t < xfd|f] 3/df t e}F;L, afv|f, s'v'/f, s's'/,

la/fnf], dfq} 5 .

u'? M Toltdfq} < d';f lg 5g\ xf]nf . slxn]slxn] ;k{ klg t cfpF5 xf]nf <

aflnsf M xf ====== xf -xfF:b}_ d'';f lg 5 . ;k{ klg cfpF5 u'¿ .

u'? M xf], d';fnfO{ lg ljgfl;lQ ljif v'jfP/ dfg'{ePg . ;k{nfO{ lg b]Vg]lalQs}

dfg'{ePg .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

aflnsf M xf] u'? d}n] aNn s'/f a'em]F . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj lgs} /x]5 . Pp6fljgf

csf]{ afFRg} g;Sbf /x]5g\ . ;a} afFr]dfq dflg; klg afFlrFbf] /x]5 .

u'? M o;/L g} ;a}n] s'/f a'em"g\ eg]/ /]l8of] sfo{qmd pTkfbg ePsf] xf] lg t Û

aflnsf .

aflnsf M xf] u'? Û /]l8ofn] t eg]s} 5 . ;a}n] ;'Gb}gg\ xf]nf . ;'g] klg d}n] emF} ga'‰g]

xf]nf . To;}n] o;af/]df xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] klg hgr]tgf / h}ljs

ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu sfo{qmd g} rnfpg'k5{ xf]nf s] ;/ .

u'? M aflnsf ltdLn] l7s eGof} . ljBfyL{sf tkm{af6 ltdLx?n] ufpF sfo{kflnsfnfO{

cfˆgf ;'emfj lbg klg ;S5f} .

aflnsf M u'¿ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] t c¿ w]/} dxŒj 5 h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ t Û

u'? M h:tf] eg t Û

aflnsf M h:tf] ls Û hLjx?sf] cl:tŒj hf]ufpg t d]?b08 g} eof] .

u'? M clg ========= clg c? <

aflnsf M ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng, k|fs[lts b[Zo ;+j4{g ug{, k|fs[lts k|lqmof ;Gt'ng /fVg,

kfgLsf d'xfg ;+/If0f ug{, vfBrqm ;Gt'ng /fVg, pBf]usf] ljsf; ug{,

aghª\unsf] pkef]u ug{ .

u'? M :ofaf; Û aflnsf ltdLn] t w]/} s'/f a'‰of} lg Û h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj

c? w]/} klg 5 . clxn] olQ a'lem5f}, v';L nfUof] .

aflnsf M To;f] eP c¿ klg elGbg' g, u'¿ .

u'? M n Û ;'g h:tf] ls cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; ug{, ul/aL x6fpg, cWoog

tyf cg';Gwfg If]q cflbsf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 39

lzIf0f–;'emfj MlzIf0f–;'emfj M

• afnaflnsfx?nfO{ h}ljs ljljwtf emNsg] u/L lrq, kf]:6/ jf lel8of] k|b{zg

u/L b]vfpg'xf];\ .

• plNnlvt ;+jfbdf ;xefuL agfpg'xf];\ .

• ;+jfbaf6 h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj l6kf]6 u/L ;"rL agfO{ leQfdf 6fF:g nufpg'xf];\

jf 6fF:g'xf];\ .

lqmofsnfk Mlqmofsnfk M

• tkfOF{{sf] jl/kl/ /x]sf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{xf];\ .

cEof;

!= l7s jfSodf l7s / a]l7s jfSodf a]l7s n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ h}ljs ljljwtfsf sf/0f xfd|f] cl:tŒj /x]sf] xf] .

-v_ h}ljs ljljwtf ;[li6sf] cg'kd pkxf/ xf]Og .

-u_ xfdLn] hyfefjL d';f, ;k{ dfg'{xF'b}g .

-3_ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj a'emfpg xfd|f] gu/kflnsfn] klg of]hgf agfpg'k5{ .

-ª_ h}ljs ljljwtfdf wgL x'g' eg]sf] ul/aLaf6 d'lQm kfpg' klg xf] .

aflnsf M ca d ;w}F ljBfno cfpFbf u'?;Fu} cfpF5' . /]l8of] ;'G5', kqklqsf x]5'{ .

ga'em]sf s'/f xh'/nfO{ ;f]W5' lg Û cF ;fFRrL dnfO{ klg kv{g'k5{ slxn]sfxLF

xh'/n] .

u'? M x;\ aflnsf x;\ ========Û

olQs}df ljBfno cfOk'U5 . u'¿ sfof{nodf hfg'x'G5 . aflnsf cfˆgf] sIffsf]7fdf

hflG5g\ . aflnsfnfO{ u'¿;Fu ePsf] s'/fsfgL ;fyLx?nfO{ ;'gfpg xtf/ x'G5 t/ k|fy{gfsf]

306L aHg yfN5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu

gu/kflnsfn] rfn]sf sbdx?af/] j8f cWoIf tyf j8f ;lrjx?;Fu

;f]wk'5 u/L Pp6f n]v tof/ ug'{xf];\ .

@= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb eg'{xf];\ M

-s_ h}ljs ljljwtf eGgfn] ============== a'lemG5 .

-v_ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] pbfx/0fsf ?kdf ========= lng ;lsG5 .

-u_ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj ============ sf] kl/rfng xf] .

-3_ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒj a'‰g' xfdL ;a}sf] ============= xf] .

-ª_ h}ljs ljljwtfsf sf/0f xfd|f] =============== /x]sf] xf] .

#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ h}ljs ljljwtf eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ h}ljs ljljwtfn] hLjx?sf] cl:tŒj hf]ufpg s;/L e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 <

-u_ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxŒjnfO{ ;"rLa4 ug'{xf];\ .

-3_ h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ ;[li6sf] cg'kd pkxf/ elgG5 . lsg <

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 41

alxgLnfO{ lr7L

ldltM– @)*! j}zfv )% ut]

v}/xgL–%, lrtjg

Kof/L alxgL nIdL,

z'efzLjf{b Û

alxgL, d oxfF cf/fd 5' . ToxfF ltdLnfO{ / 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ klg cf/fd} xf]nf egL

ljZjf; lnPsL 5' . ltdLn] cl3Nnf] kqdf d7dlGb/sf] af/]df n]v]sL /x]5f} . Tof] ltd|f] kq

k9\g kfPsfdf dnfO{ w]/} v';L nfUof] . alxgL, ltdLnfO{ d xfd|f ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx?sf] af/]df

hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5' . x]/ g, xfd|f] 3/ glhs} b] 5\of]5f]lnª u'Daf ljxf/ / sNof0f]Zj/

dxfb]jsf] dlGb/ /x]sf] 5 . Tolt dfq geO{ xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf ljleGg cflbjf;L

hghfltx?sf] cfˆg} rf8kj{, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh, d]nfkj{;Fu ;DalGwt k|yf jf k|rng ;d]t

/x]sf 5g\ eg] dl:hb, rr{ cflb klg /x]sf 5g\ .

xfd|f wd{ ;+:s[lt;Fu ;DalGwt d7, dlGb/, u'Daf, dl:hb, rr{ / ljleGg rf8kj{,

;+:s[lt, k|yf jf k|rngsf] ultljlwnfO{ g} ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf eGg] a'lemG5 . xfd|f] b]z wfld{s

tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfn] wgL /x]sf] 5 . alxgL, xfd|f] gu/df s+sfnL dfO{sf] dlGb/, hfd]

dl:hb, s[i0f dlGb/, lzjsf] dlGb/ cflb /x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ;d'bfodf /x]sf nf]suLt, nf]safhf,

rfnrng, /Lltl/jfh cflb ;a} xfd|f ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf x'g\ . alxgL xfd|f ;Dkbf eg]s} xfd|f]

;DklQ x'g\ . alxgL, ca ltdLnfO{ o;sf] dxŒjsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg rfxG5' . ljZjsf] ;fd'

lrgfpg, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug{, b}lgs sfdsfhdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg, wd{ / ;+:s[ltnfO{

hf]ufpg cflb o;sf] dxŒj /x]sf] 5 .

alxgL, ltdLnfO{ ca o;sf] ;+/If0fsf pkfox? atfpg rfxG5' . ;Dkbf cf;kf;sf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

If]qdf kmf]xf]/ gug]{ / ;/;kmfOdf hf]8 lbg], o:tf ;Dkbfx?sf] lh0ff]{åf/ tyf k'glgdf{0f ug]{,

;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] dxŒj af]w u/fpg], :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ ;+/If0fsf lglDt lhDd]jf/ agfpg]

cflb ug{'k5{ . xfd|f ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx?nfO{ arfpg' g} xfd|f] klxrfg xf] alxgL . ltdL k9\b}

u/]sL c;n / cg'zfl;t ljBfyL{ ePsLn] o;sf] dxŒj / ;+/If0fsf] af/]df cfkm"n] yfxf

kfPkl5 c?nfO{ klg hfgsf/L u/fpg' ltd|f] st{Jo xf] .

alxgL, xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] xfd|f ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu /x]s

jif{ ljleGg of]hgfx? sfof{Gjog ub{} cfPsf] 5 . oxfFsf x/]s wd{ / hfthfltsf cf:yfnfO{

;Ddfg ub{} ;lxi0f'tfsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . x/]s jif{ gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg 7fpFdf bz}F

ljz]if sfo{qmd, ltxf/ tyf 57 ljz]if sfo{qmd, tLh tyf lhltof ljz]if sfo{qmd, d7dlGb/sf]

;/;kmfO, /Ë/f]ug h:tf sfdx? ub{} cfPsf] 5 . xfdL ;a}n] gu/kflnsfsf o:tf sfdnfO{

;3fpFb} hfg'kb{5 .

alxgL, kq nfdf] eP h:tf] 5 afFsL s'/f csf]{ kqdf u/f}Fnf . cfhnfO{ olts} .

ltdLnfO{ dfof ug{] lbbL

df08jL

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgLdf ePsf dxŒjk"0f{ ;Dkbfx?sf] hfgsf/L

u/fpg'sf ;fy} ToxfF n}hfg] jftfj/0f ldnfpg ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk M lj|mofsnfk M

!= tkfO{Fsf] :yfgLo ;d'bfodf cjl:yt wfld{s jf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] dxŒj vf]hL

u/L k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .

@= ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu s] ug{'k5{ < 5nkmn u/L sIffdf k|:t't

ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 43

!= ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf eg]sf] s] xf] <

@= tkfO{Fsf] gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

#= ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] dxŒj n]Vg'xf];\ .

$= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

-s_ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ ;Dkbfx?nfO{ lsg ;dfhsf] ;DklQ elgG5 <

u_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0fdf u/]sf sfo{x? n]Vg'xf];\ .

cEof;

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• :yfgLo ;d'bfodf /x]sf JolQmx?nfO{ ;f]wk'5 u/L ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx?sf] gfd /

;+/If0fdf ug{'kg]{ sfo{x? l6kf]6 ug{'xf];\ .

%= lrqdf b]vfOPsf ;Dkbfsf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

j[Iff/f]k0f / jg ;+/If0f

j[Iff/f]k0f eGgfn] s'g} klg e"efudf

¿v k|hftLsf la?jfx? nufO{ x'sf{pg]

sfo{nfO{ a'emfpF5 . j[Ifsf] dxŒj dfgj

hLjgsf nflu ck/Dkf/ 5 . j[If /f]Kg]

sfo{ g} j[Iff/f]k0f xf] . j[Iff/f]k0fn] s[ifssf]]

cfjZostf k"lt{;Fu} jftfj/0f ;Gt'ng

sfod ub{5 . xhf/f}F jif{b]lv j[Iff/f]k0f sfo{n] jftfj/0f ;Gt'ng, vfBfGg cfk"lt{, b}lgs

hLljsf]kfh{g nufotsf cfjZostf k"/f ub}{ cfPsf] xf] . cem wfld{s dxŒjsf nflu

j[Iff/f]k0f ul/Fb} cfPsf] klg kfOG5 . lxGb' wd{cg';f/ j/, lkkn :jfdL nufotsf j[IfnfO{

O{Zj/Lo c+z g} dflgG5 . clxn]sf] ablnFbf] kl/j]zdf j[Iff/f]k0f k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf nflu

;d]t ul/G5 . u|fdL0f hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/sf nflu j[Iff/f]k0f dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . ptf ;x/L If]qdf

klg ;x/L jg cyf{t\ caf{g km/]li6«n] dxŒj kfO/x]sf] 5 . j[Iff/f]k0fn] ;fdflhs, cfly{s /

jftfj/0fLo kmfObfx? k'¥ofO/x]sf] x'G5 .

jg ;+/If0f eGgfn] hª\un tyf jg:kltsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{' xf] . jg xfdLnfO{

clS;lhg, sf7, cf}iflwhGo af]6lj?jf, jGohGt'sf] af;:yfg / jiff{tsf] ;Gt'ng h:tf

dxŒjk"0f{ ;]jf k|bfg u5{g\ . logsf] ljgfzn] jftfj/0fLo c;Gt'ng df6f]sf] s6fg, af9L,

;'Vvf / hnjfo' kl/jt{g h:tf ;d:ofx? pTkGg x'G5g\ . jg ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu j[Iff /f]

k0f, cj}w s6fgL, hª\undf cfunfuL x'g lbg'x'Fb}g / hgr]tgf km}nfpg' cfjZos x'G5 .

xfdLn] cfh}b]lv jgsf] ;+/If0f u/]gf} eg] eljiodf ljleGg r'gf}tLx?;Fu ;fdfgf ug{'kg{] x'G5

. To;}n] ;a}n] ldn]/ jg ;+/If0fdf of]ubfg lbg' cfjZos 5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 45

lzIf0f–;'emfj MlzIf0f–;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ jg ;+/If0fsf] dxŒj, kmfObfx? / ljleGg pkfox?sf] af/]df k|:6

kfg'{xf];\ .

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ j[Iff/f]k0fsf dxTjx?sf af/]df atfOlbg'xf];\ .

lqmofsnfk Mlqmofsnfk M

• lzIfssf] ;xof]udf jg ;+/If0fsf] dxŒj, kmfObfx? / jg ;+/If0fsf] nflu ug{

;lsg] ljleGg pkfox?sf] af/]df hgr]tgf sfo{s|d cfof]hgf ug'{xf];\ .

cEof;

! tnsf jfSox¿ l7s eP -_ / a]l7s eP -_ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ hg:t/af6 klg jg ;+/If0fdf h'6g' plQs} cfjZos 5 .

-v_ j[Iff/f]k0f JolQmsf] b}lgs hLjgdf cfjZos kg]{ ljifo xf] .

-u_ dflg; r]tgzLn k|f0fL xf]Og .

-3_ xfdLn] cfhs} lbgb]lv vfln 7fpFx?df j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ yfNg'kb{5 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ jg ;+/If0f eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ j[Iff/f]k0f hLjgsf] cl:tTj;Fu s;/L hf]l8Psf] 5 <

-3_ jg ljgfzsf sf/0fx? s] s] x'g\ <

-ª_ j[Iff/f]k0fsf kmfObfx? s] s] x'g\ ;S5g\ <

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

:yfgLo v]nx?

PsfO–&

• xfd|f] v}/xgLdf k|rlnt :yfgLo v]nx?

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 47

xfd|f] v}/xgLdf k|rlnt

:yfgLo v]nx?

efOalxgL xf] Û

v}/xgLdf k/Dk/fb]lv v]lnFb} cfPsf ljleGg v]nx? 5g\ . sltko v]nx? nf]k x'Fb}

uPsf 5g\ eg] sltko v]nx? cem} klg v]Ng] u/]sf] kfOG5 . v}/xgLdf v]lng] s]xL :yfgLo

v]nx?sf] lgDgfg';f/ kl/ro lbOPsf] 5 M

!= u§f v]n M

u§f v]n s]6fs]6Lx? v]Ng dg k/fpF5g\ . u§f

v]nsf nflu kfFrcf]6f uf]nf / ;fgf–;fgf 9'ª\ufx? tof/

ul/G5g\ / Pp6f 9'ª\ufdfly km\ofFlsG5 / rf/cf]6f hldgd}

x'G5 . xfjfd} /x]sf] 9'ª\uf ;dfTg'cl3 e'OFdf ePsf 9'ª\ufx?

;dfTg'k5{ . u§f Ps xft jf b'j} xftn] v]Ng ;lsG5 .

@= 8G8Llaof] v]n M

s'g} ;dodf 8G8Llaof] g]kfnsf] clt k|rlnt v]n

lyof] . of] v]ndf Pp6f 8G8L emG8} $% ;]=dL=sf] x'G5

eg] laof]rflxF !% ;]=dL=sf] x'G5 . o;df 8G8Ln] laof]nfO{

6\ofs nufO{ v]lnG5 / o;}u/L o;sf] laof]nfO{ hldgdf

;fgf] nfDrf] vfN8f] agfO{ To;df /flvG5 / 8G8Ln] pQm

vfN8f]dfly t];f{P/ /fv]sf] laof]nfO{ ws]n]/ k/ k'¥ofOG5 . o; qmddf ljkIfLn] 5f]Kof] eg] jf

e'OFdf eml/;s]kl5 vfN8f] ePsf] :yfg;Dd 8G8L a/fa/ efu glhs cfof] eg] jf 8G8LnfO{

5f]of] eg] 8G8L xfGg] dfG5] v]naf6 aflxl/G5 .

olb p;n] xfg]sf] laof] 6f9} eof] eg] 8G8Ln] tLg k6s;Dd 6\ofs nufpFb} 6f9f

k'¥ofpg ;S5 . To;kl5 8G8Ln] vfN8f] ePsf] :yfg;Dd gflkG5 . hlt a/fa/ 8G8L x'G5,

To;nfO{ la;n] efu ub}{ slt la; eof] Tof] lx;fa ul/G5 . csf]{ JolQmsf] kfnf] cfPkl5

p;n] klg To;} u5{ / b'j} ;ª\Vof hf]836fp ul/G5, h;sf] gDa/ a9L x'G5, pxL ljh]tf aG5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

#= £jfOFsf;f -v'§]_ v]n M

o;nfO{ Psv'§] jf 9\ofs v]Ng] klg elgG5 .

of] v]n s]6fs]6Lx? v]N5g\ . of] v]n v]Nbf hldgdf

w;f{x? tflgG5 . To;df sf]7f–sf]7f agfOG5 . of] v]n

v]Ng ;a};Fu £jfOF cyf{t\ 9\ofs x'g'k5{ . £jfOFn] w;f]{

5f]of] eg] pm v]naf6 aflxl/G5 . o;df Pp6f v'§f prfn]/

v]lnG5 . £jfOF cyf{t\ 9\ofs 9'\ª\ufnfO{ km'6fP/ uf]nf] af6'nf] cfsf/sf] agfOG5 .

$= af3rfn M

af3rfn cToGt rlr{t v]n xf] . o;nfO{ af3u§] klg eGg] ul/G5 . Aff3rfn

v]Ngsf nflu ;j{k|yd ;dy/ 9'ª\ufdf klRr;cf]6f sf]7f sf]l/G5 . h;df la;cf]6f ufO{ /

rf/cf]6f af3sf] sNkgf ul/G5 . ;'¿df af3nfO{ rf/ s'gfdf /flvG5 . ufO{ lng] JolQmn] a8f]

;fjwfgLsf ;fy cfˆgf] uf]6LnfO{ af3af6 arfpF5 . af3n] Pp6f la/fP/ vfg kfpFb}g, vfgsf

nflu w;f{ l;wf x'g'k5{ . af3rfn v]Ngfn] xfd|f] lbdfusf] tfls{s Ifdtf a9\5 / lsgeg]

o;df af3n] s;/L ufO{nfO{ vfg] eGg] h'lQm nufOG5 eg] afv|fn] s;/L aRg] eg]/ klxNo}

;fjwfgLk"j{s ;f]lrG5 .

%= sa8\8L M

o;nfO{ skbL{ klg elgG5 . sa8\8L g]kfnsf]

rlr{t v]n xf] . of] v]n klxn]–klxn] ufpF3/df cToGt

nf]slk|o lyof] . of] v]n k|foM s]6fx?n] v]Nby] / o;

v]nnfO{ x'6'6'6' ===== klg elgG5 . lsgeg] of] v]Nbf

d'vaf6 x'6'6'6' ====== sf] cfjfh lgsflnG5 .

of] v]n cfw'lgs ;dodf ;ft–;ft hgfsf] l6ddf v]lnG5 . of] v]n v]Nbf Pp6f

lglZrt Onfsf tf]lsG5 / lardf ;fFw 5'6\ofOG5 . Pp6f kIfsf] v]nf8L csf]{ kIfdf hfFbf

;fFwaf6} x'6'6'6' eGb} hfG5 / olb p;n] ljkIf s;}nfO{ 5f]of] eg] pm v]naf6 aflxl/G5 . olb

p;nfO{ ;dfTof] eg] p;n] x'6'6'6'6' eGg] cfjfh aGb gx'Fb} ;fFwdf cfPdf p;nfO{ 5'g] jf

;dfpg] hlt ;a} hgf v]naf6 aflxl/G5g\ / olb p;sf] cfjfh aGb eof] eg] pm g} v]naf6

aflxl/G5 . lxhf]cfh sa8\8LnfO{ cfw'lgs ?k lbOPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu v]nf8Lx?nfO{

ljz]if tflnd lbg] Joj:yf;d]t 5 . of] cGt/f{li6«o v]n alg;s]sf] 5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 49

lzIf0f–;'emfj MlzIf0f–;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgLdf v]lng] k/Dkl/t v]nsf af/]df lgodx? l;sfO{ v]Ng

nufpg'xf];\ .

lqmofsnfk Mlqmofsnfk M

• tkfOF{sf] ;d'bfodf v]lng] :yfgLo k/Dk/fut v]nx? s'g–s'g x'g\ < ;"rL

agfpg'xf];\ .

• tkfOF{sf] ;d'bfodf v]lng] s'g} Pp6f :yfgLo v]n ;fyLx?;Fu ldn]/ v]Ng'xf];\ .

!= tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf pko'Qm zAb eg'{xf];\ M

-s_ u§f v]ndf==========================cf]6f 9'ª\ufx? x'G5g\ .

-v_ 8G8L / laof]sf] nDafO qmdzM ========== / ============ x'G5 .

-u_ £jfOFsf;f v]n ========================== v]Ng dg k/fpF5g\ .

-3_ af3rfndf ======================= cf]6f sf]7fx? sf]l/G5g\ .

-ª_ sa8\8L v]nnfO{ ============================ klg elgG5 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ u§f v]n s;/L v]lnG5 <

-v_ 8G8L laof] v]Ng] tl/sf af/] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .

-u_ £jfOFsf;f v]nsf] kl/ro lbg'xf];\ .

-3_ af3rfndf af3 / ufO{ s;/L rflnG5 <

-ª_ sa8\8L v]Ng] k/Dkl/t tl/sfaf/] n]Vg'xf];\ .

#= æaf3rfn lbdfusf] v]n xf] .Æ cfgf] ljrf/ eGg'xf];\ .

cEof;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

;8s ;'/Iff / ljkb\ Joj:yfkg

PsfO–*

• ;8s ;'/Iff / ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f

• t6aGw

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 51

;8s ;'/Iff, 6«flkms Joj:yfkg / b'3{6gf

Go"gLs/0f Ps csf{;Fu ulx/f] ;DaGw /

fVg] ljifox? x'g . lbg k|lt lbg a9\bf]

;jf/L ;fwg / 6«flkmssf] ;+Vof j[l4n]

;8s b'3{6gfsf] vt/f a9fPsf] 5 . ;8s

;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{ 6«flkms lgodx?sf]

s8fOsf ;fy kfngf ug{ cfjZos 5 . ;jf/L rfnsn] ;jf/L ult lgoGq0f /fVg',

l;6 a]N6 tyf x]Nd]6sf] k|of]u ug{', ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpFbf dfbskbfy{ ;]jg gug{'

/ ;jf/L lgodcg';f/ ;jf/L rnfpg' k5{g\ . k}bn ofq' tyf cGo ofq'x?n] klg

;jf/L lgodnfO{ cIf/; kfngf u/L ofqf ug{'k5{ . 6«flkms Joj:yfkgn] ;8sdf

;jf/L ;xh cfjfudg ;'lglZrt ub{} ;jf/L hfd tyf cJoj:yfnfO{ Go"g ug{ d2t

u5{ . b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?n] ;8s ;+s]tx?

:ki6 /fVg, lgoldt ;8s dd{t ug{, hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ tyf

6«flkms k|x/LnfO{ yk bIf agfpg' k5{ . ;fy} rfns / k}bn ofqL b'a}n] lhDd]jf/

/ cg'zfl;t Jojfxf/ ckgfPdf dfq ;8s ;'/lIft, Jojl:yt / b'3{6gf /lxt aGg

;S5 .

xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfleq klg dfgj lgld{t tyf k|fs[lts ljkb\sf sf/0f

jif{]gL 7'nf]wghgsf] Iflt ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] klg cfunfuL, af9L, hª\unL hgfj/

sf] cfqmd0f, b'3{6gf h:tf ljkb\x?sf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf 5f}F . w]/} yl/sf ljkb\

;8s ;'/Iff / ljkb\

Go"gLs/0f

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

x?dWo] xfd|f] kflnsfdf jGohGt'x?sf] cfqmd0faf6 jif{}lkR5] w]/} dflg;x?n]

Hofg u'dfpg k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] cfh dflg; / jGohGt'ljrsf] åGåsf af/]df oxfF

rrf{ ub{} 5f}F .

efOalxgLx?, dfgj / jGohGt'aLrsf] åGå eGgfn] dfG5] / agdf a:g]

hgfj/x¿aLr x'g] k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf 6s/fjnfO{ hgfpF5 . ha dfgj a:tL, s[lif,

;8s jf cGo k"jf{wf/sf nflu ag If]q cltqmd0f u5{, ta jGohGt'sf] a;f]af;df

afwf k5{ . o;n] hgfj/x¿nfO{ ef]hg / af;:yfgsf] cefj u/fpF5, h;sf sf/0f

pgLx¿ dfgjLo If]qdf k|j]z ug{ afWo x'G5g\ . o;n] ufO{a:t' df/]sf], cGgafnL

gi6 u/]sf] jf dfG5]nfO{ cfqmd0f u/]sf] 36gfx¿ lgDTofpF5 . csf]{tkm{, dfG5]x¿ klg

cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf nflu jGohGt'x¿nfO{ dfg{ jf eufpg yfN5g\, h;n] åGånfO{ emg\

a9fpF5 . o:tf] åGå ;dfwfgsf nflu l;l;l6eL, Onf]S6«f]lgs km]G; jf 6fOd sf8{

hf/L, ;'/lIft ag If]qsf] ;Ldf+sg, jGohGt' dfu{x¿sf] ;+/If0f, hgr]tgf clej[l4

/ dfgj–jGohGt' ;xcl:tTjnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• lzIfs ;fyL Û tkfO{+sf] ljBfno glhs s'g hª\un kb{5 < ;f] hª\undf s'g s'g

hgfj/x? /x]sf 5g\ < tL hgfj/sf] cftÍdf s:tf s:tf 36gf 36]sf 5g\ < tL

36gfaf6 hf]lug ;d'bfon] s:tf] pkfo ckgfof] < o; kf7sf cfwf/df s] ubf{

plrt xf]nf < 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

• 6«flkms ;ª\s]t emNsg] lrq k|bz{g u/L ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 6«flkms lgodsf] af/]df

hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

lqmofsnfk Mlqmofsnfk M

• dfgj / hLjhGt'aLrsf] åGåaf/] tkfO{n] yfxf kfPsf] kl5Nnf] 36gfaf/] sIffdf

5nkmn ug{'xf];\ . s] sf/0fn] 36\of] < s;nfO{ a9L gf]S;fg k'Uof] < 36gfnfO{

Go"gLs/0f ug{ s] ug{ ;lsFbf] /x]5 <

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 53

!= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ s'g s'g hgfj/x? a9L cfqmfds ePsf] kfOG5 <

-v_ jGohGt'n] cfqmd0f ug{'sf s'g} # j6f sf/0f n]Vg'xf];\ .

-u_ xfQL / u}F8fn] s;/L gf]S;fg k'¥ofpF5g\ <

-3_ hgfj/l;t cfqmd0f ug]{ s:tf s:tf s'/f x'G5g\ <

-ª_ jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 hf]lug s] ug{ ;lsG5 < s'g} # j6f pkfox? n]Vg'xf];\ .

@= tnsf jfSox¿ l7s eP l7s lrXg -_ / a]l7s eP a]l7s lrXg -×_ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_

;8s ;'/Iff, 6«flkms Joj:yfkg / b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0f Ps csf{;Fu cGt/;DalGwt 5g\ . - _

-v_

;8s ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{ 6«flkms lgodx?sf] s8fOsf ;fy kfngf ug{ cfjZos 5}g . - _

-u_ dflg; / jGohGt'sf] ;xcl:tTj / ;xofqf h¿/L 5 b'a}sf] afFRg], v]Ng], 8'Ng]

clwsf/ 5 . - _

-3_ jGohGt's} sf/0f 3fOt], d[To', kz'wg, 3/uf]7 / cGo afnLdf Iflt a]xf]g]{nfO{ lbOg]

/fxt ;xh agfOg' x'Fb}g . - _

-ª_ rf]/L lzsf/L u/]/ jGohGt' dfg]{ qmd 36fpg l;l;l6eL, On]lS6«s km]G; jf 6fOd

sf8{ hf/L ug{ ;s]df ;xh x'G5 . - _

#= ;d"x ‘s’ sf zAb;Fu ldNbf] efj x]/L ;d"x ‘v’ df hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ .

;d"x -s_ ;d"x -v_

-s_ hª\un cg'xf/df cfqmd0f

-v_ afFb/ On]lS6«s km]G;

-u_ xfQL u}8f lryf]5{÷6f]S5

-3_ rf]/L l;sf/L %% k|ltzt

-ª_ efn' 3/uf]7 eTsfpF5

cEof;

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• tkfOF{n] k|ToIf b]v]sf] s'g} ljkb\ / To;af6 aRgsf nflu ul/Psf]

k|of;sf af/]df Pp6f n]v tof/ ug'{xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

t6aGw

-lbpF;f]sf] vfhf vfg] 5'l§df rf}/df

al;/x]sf sIff ^ sf /f]lgzf / lblKt;Fu

lxhf] u'?n] lbg'ePsf] t6aGwsf]

laifodf cfkm"n] s]xL hfg]sf s'/f

a]udfgn] atfpg] k|:tfj u/]sfn] pgLx?

lar ;+jfb ;'¿ eof] ._

lblKt M n a]udfg bfO -Pp6} sIff k9] klg pm 7'nf] ePsf]n] bfO eG5] ._ s] xf] t6aGw <

tkfO{n] hfg]sf] ;'gfpg';\ .

a]udfg M ;/n efiffdf t6aGw eg]sf] vf]nfdf af/ nufpg] sfd xf] 9'ª\uf df6fn] cyjf

l;d]G6n] . pm Tof] tnsf] vf]nflt/ nufPsf] af“w 5 lg Tof] t6aGw xf] .

lblKt M P ToxL sfddf kf] t . d]/f] afaf vf]nfdf af“w xfNg hfg'ePsf] $÷% lbg eof] .

/f]lgzf M ;fRr} xf] < d]/f] dDdL klg ToxL uf“pdf c?;“u uO/xg' ePsf] 5 . d}n] Tolt

;f]w]sL klg 5}g . slt vf]nfsf] 9'ª\uf af]sF] eGg'x'GYof] . xftsf] 7]nf b]vfP/ .

a]udfg M xf] xf] . s'/f cfO t xfNof] lg . Tof] ltd|f] afaf dDdLn] 9'ª\uf af]Sg' ePsf] /fKtL

vf]nf lsgf/df hfnL eg{ xf] . alnof] agfpg] xf] .

lblKt M ToxL vf]nfsf] hfnL dfly r9]/ t slt ufO{ afv|f r/fp5f}+ xfdL . lsg vf]nf

lsgf/df olt 9'ª\uf y'kf/]sf] eGg] nfUYof] . vf]nf v]tdf ghfcf];\ eg]/ 5]s]sf]

kf] /x]5 .

a]udfg M n b'a} hgfn] ;'g . d]/f] t afaf g} t6aGw sfdsf] 7]sbf/ x'gfn] d}n] ;f]w]/ clg

hfg]sf] x} . ToxL ljifodf s'/f eO/fV5 . ;w} jiff{sf] a]nf xfdLnfO{ vf]nf glbn]

s6fg u/]/ a:tL / v]tdf k:g] x'gfn] sdhf]/ 7fp“df Uoflag ;lxtsf] tf/hfnLdf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 55

9'ª\uf e/]/ alnof] t6aGw agfOG5 . oL oxLF x]/ xfd|f] :s'ndf, vf]nfdf klxNo}

t6aGw gu/]sf] eP xfdLn] k9\g ;fob kfpFb}gYof}F xf]nf . vf]nf k;]/ ;a} a:tL

/ pj{/f v]taf/L aufP/ 7'nf] wghgsf] gf]S;fg x'GYof] . a'em\of} <

/f]lgzf M xf] lg . d]/f] dDdLn] eGg'efsf] kf]xf]/ dfq l;;xfgL If]qdf df5fkf]v/Ldf en k;]/

t df5fhlt au]/ ;8sdf k'u]sf lyP /] . sltnfO{ df5f 5f]Kgsf] /dfOnf] lyof]

t kf]v/LjfnfnfO{ df5f au]/ gf]S;fgL .

a]udfg M xf] lg . of] ;a dfG5]s} sf/0fn] x'g] xf] . cJojl:yt a;f]af;, agkm“8fgL,

dgk/L vf]nf gbLaf6 9'ª\uf lu6Lsf] bf]xg cflbsf] kl/0ffd xf] . ToxL eP/ x/]s

jif{ af9Lsf] qf;df af“Rg'k5{ . /fKtL vf]nf, 9'ª\u|] vf]nf, kDkmf vf]nf, rfqf

vf]nfx?n] klg Iflt k'¥ofPs} 5g\ .

/f]lgzf M 7'nf] em/Ldf vf]nf lsgf/sf dfG5] ;'Tb}gg\ xf]nf x} .

lblKt M b]lVbgf}, slt 3/leq af9L k;]sf] <

a]udfg M a;]{gL g]kfnaf6 aUg] tLj| ultsf vf]nf gbLn] slt wghgsf] gf]S;fgL u5{ .

xfd|f] afafn] eGg' efsf], w]/} klxn] /fKtL gbL kmf6]/ bfgj gbL ePsf] /] . s}Fof}F

laufxf hUuf au/ ePsf] /] . a]n}df t6aGw gx'“bfsf] kl/0ffd slt eofgs x'“bf]

/x]5 .

lblKt M aNn yfxf kfP“ . xfd|} v]taf/L / uf“p arfpg afaf t7aGw ug{ hfg'ePsf] /x]5 .

/f]lgzf M ;/sf/n] k"j{ tof/L u/L t7aGw gubf{ aif]{gL kxf8 t/fOdf 7'nf] gf]S;fg ePsf]

5 .

a]udfg M xf] lg . gj/k/f;L lhNnfsf] blIf0f l;dfgfsf] ;':tf If]q h:tf w]/} 7f“px?df

ef/tn] pRr af“w aflwlb“bf t/fO 8'afgdf k/]sf] 5 eg] hª\u] lkNn/ klg s6fgn]

9n]/ x/fPsf 5g\ eGg] s'/f uf]/vfkqdf k9]sf] d}n] . kmf]6f] ;d]t lyof] .

lblKt M xfdLnfO{ b]vfpg'ePg t . st} s]6Lx?n] lhT5g\ eg]/ t xf]Og <

a]udfg M h:n] lht] klg xfdLn] g} lhTg] xf] . km/flsnf] ;f]r /fVg l;s .

/f]lgzf M ltdLnfO{ af]n]/ t s:n] kf] lhT5 / < olt s'/f a'em]kl5 Pslbg vf]nfsf] t6aGw

lg/LIf0f / cjnf]sg ug}{k5{ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

a]udfg M xf] sltko s'/f k9]/ eGbf cjnf]sgaf6 a'lemG5 .

lblKt M l56} hfg'k5{ . d]/f] afafn] klg slt sfd u/]5 eg]/ b]vfpg n}hfg] g} eGg'ef 5 .

a]udfg M /fd|f] s'/f xf] lg . ;Nnfx u/]/ pxf;“u} hf“bf cem /fd|f] . s;f] /f]lgzf <

lblKt M cF ;fFlRr, xfd|f] v}/xgLdf s:tf s:tf ljkb\x? b]vfk5{g\ ltdLnfO{ yfx 5 <

a]udfg M lsg yfx gx'g' < oxfF a]nf a]nfdf af9L, cfunfuL, ;8s b'3{6gf, hª\unL

hgfj/sf] cfj|md0f cflb ljkb\x? b]vf kb{5g\ .

/f]lgzf M v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf nflu s] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 t <

a]udfg M d}n] xfd|f j8fWoIfaf6 hfgsf/L kfPcg';f/ ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] nflu

gu/kflnsfn] u/]sf] pbfx/0fLo sfo{ gbLgfnfx?sf] t6aGw xf] . x/]s j8fsf]

ljleGg vf]nfdf t6aGwsf] ;d:of /x] klg gu/kflnsfn] o;sf] nflu ax'jifL{o

of]hgf NofP/ x/]s jif{ t6aGw ug{] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .

/f]lgzf M x'G5 . n 306L klg nfUof] x} . hfpmF sIfflt/ . -;a} pt} nfU5g\ ._

lqmofsnfk Mlqmofsnfk M

• tkfO{Fsf] j8f tyf kflnsfdf ePsf vf]n gbLdf t6aGw ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 ls 5}g <

sIffdf ljBfyL{x?aLr 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfj M lzIf0f ;'emfj M

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ glhs}sf] vf]nfdf lnP/ hfg'xf];\ . vf]nfn]

k'¥ofPsf] Iflt af/] hfgsf/L u/fO{ t6aGwsf] dxŒj atfO{ lbg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 57

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNbf] zAb eg'{xf];\ M

-s_ d]/f] afaf vf]nfdf afFw xfNg hfg'ePsf] ================== lbg eof] .

-v_ ToxL vf]nfsf] ======================= r9]/ t slt ufO{afv|f r/fpYof} xfdL .

-u_ tf/hfnLdf ================ e/]/ alnof] t6aGw agfOG5 .

-3_ xfd|} ================= / uf“p arfpg afaf t6aGw ug{ hfg'ePsf] /x]5 .

@= tnsf jfSonfO{ l7s eP l7s / a]l7s eP a]l7s n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ vf]nf v]tdf gk;f];\ eg]/ kf] 5]s]sf] /x]5 .

-v_ x/]s jif{ gf/fo0fL gbLsf] qf;df af“Rg' kb}{g .

-u_ em/Ldf vf]nf lsgf/df dfG5] ;'Tb}gg\ .

-3_ sltko s'/f k9]/eGbf cjnf]sgaf6 a'lemb}g .

#= tnsf jfSox¿ l7s eP l7s lrXg -_ / a]l7s eP a]l7s lrXg -×_ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ vf]nf v]tdf gk;f];\ eg]/ kf] 5]s]sf] /x]5 .

-v_ ToxL eP/ x/]s jif{ gf/fo0fL gbLsf] qf;df af“Rg' kb}{g .

-u_ 7'nf] em/Ldf vf]nf lsgf/df dfG5] ;'Tb}gg\ xf]nf x} .

-3_ xf] sltko s'/f k9]/eGbf cjnf]sgaf6 a'lemb}g .

#= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\M–

-s_ t6aGw eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ t6aGw gubf{ s] x'G5 <

-u_ a]n}df t6aGw gubf{ sf]zL / ltgfp gbL s] eof] <

-3_ s] sf/0fn] t6aGw ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpF5 <

-ª_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] t6aGwsf nflu s:tf] of]hgf NofPsf] 5 <

#= v}/xgLdf cfOkg{ ;Sg] cGo hf]lvdx¿ h:t}M klx/f], e"sDk, af9L cflb h:tf k|fs[lts

k|sf]kaf6 aRg ;lsg] pkfosf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

;x/L ljsf;, k|b"if0f tyf

kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg

PsfO–(

• jftfj/0f ;+/If0f

• kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 59

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f

æjftfj/0fÆ eGgfn] k|fslts, ;f+:s[lts /

;fdflhs k|0ffnL, cfly{s tyf dfgjLo lqmofsnfk,

logsf cjojx? tyf tL cjojx?sf] larsf]

cGt/lqmof tyf cGt/;DaGw a'lemG5 .

:jR5 jftfj/0f eg]sf] cfˆgf] jl/kl/sf]

jftfj/0f ;kmf / :jR5 x'g' xf] . :jR5 jftfj/0f

x'g' dflg; / hGt' b'j}nfO{ Psbd} h¿/L 5 .

jftfj/0fn] dflg;sf] hLjg s:tf] 5 eGg] a'emfpF5 . :jR5 tyf ;kmf jftfj/0f dfgj hLjgsf

nflu cTofjZos tŒj xf] . oxL :jR5 / :j:y jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] dflg;sf] df}lns

clwsf/ klg xf] . ;dfhsf] ;d[l4sf] ;"rssf ?kdf ;d]t :jR5 tyf :j:y jftfj/0fnfO{

lnOG5 . t/ a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f, ef}lts ljsf; tyf cGo ljleGg dfgjLo k|efjsf sf/0f xfd|f]

:jR5, :j:y / ;kmf jftfj/0f lbg k|ltlbg lau|Fbf] cj:yfdf 5 . oxL lau|Fbf] jftfj/0fsf

sf/0f dfgj :jf:y / ;dfhsf] ;d[l4df ljljw afwf c8\rg ylkFb} 5g\ .

;dfhdf jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofx? lbg k|ltlbg al9/x] klg lgodgsf/L lgsfo / cfd

dflg;df oL ;d:ofx?k|lt eg] sd rf;f] b]lvG5 . sfg'gL ?kdf g} :jR5 jftfj/0fnfO{

df}lns xs dfg] klg Jojxf/df ;DalGwtsf] Wofg To;tkm{ s]lG›t ePsf] kfFOb}g . ljljw

k|b"if0fx?sf] cj:yf eg] emg emg\ ljs/fn aGb} 5 . clxn] ;x/L If]qx?df Knfl:6shGo

kmf]xf]/n] jftfj/0fdf c;/ kfl//x]sf] 5 . Knfl:6shGo kbfy{sf] plrt k'gM k|of]u x'g;s]sf]

5}g . Knfl:6shGo j:t'sf] k|of]udf dfkb08x? ag] klg Tof] Jojl:yt ?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g

;s]sf] 5}g .

;x/L If]qdf w'jfF w'nf]n] hghLjg g} cfqmfGt kf/]sf] 5 . pko{'Qm dfkb08 a]u/

;x/sf cfjf;Lo If]qx?df ;~rflnt O§f e§Lsf w'jf v]kL g;Sg' 5 . clxn] w]/} h;f]

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

:yfgdf kmf]xf/sf] lgisf;g :yn vf]nfgfnf / gbLx? ePsf 5g\ . vf]nf gfnfsf] :jR5tf

xfd|f] wd{ ;+:s[lt;Fu hf]l8P klg cfd dflg;sf] rf;f] o;k|lt 5}g . hnr/sf] h}ljs

ljljwtf / To;sf] dfgj hLjgdf dxŒjsf af/]df dflg;x? a]va/ 5g\ . cfj;Lo If]q,

c:ktfn, ljBfno nufotsf If]qx?sf] kmf]xf]/ l;w} gbL, vf]nfx?df hfgfn] hnr/ Pjd\

dfgj hflt k|efljt 5g\ . kmf]xf]/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg x'g g;Sbf ;x/L Pjd\ u|fdL0f If]qx?df

jftfj/0fLo ;d:of w]/} 5g\ . To;}u/L ljsf;sf] gfddf k|zo kfpg] ljgf;sf sfo{n] jftfj/0f

laufl//x]sf 5g\ . lbuf] ljsf;sf] dfGotfnfO{ s'lNrb} cJol:yt ljsf;sf sfo{x? cl3

a9]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ csf{tkm{ e"Ifo nufotsf w]/} jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofx? cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

;x/L / cfjf;Lo If]qdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] Wjlg k|b"if0fn] hghLjg k|efljt g} 5 . o; ljifodf

klg 7f]; sbdx? nfu' x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

:jR5 jftfj/0fdf afRg kfpg] dflg;sf] df}lns xs xf] elgP klg plrt ?kdf

o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cefj vl8\s/x]sf] kfOG5 . :jR5 jftfj/0fn] dflg;nfO{ :jR5 xfjf

/ kfgL lbg] dfq x}g o;n] dflg;sf] hLjgsfn klg a9fpFb5 . hf] dflg; :jR5 jftfj/0fdf

x's{G5, p;sf] a'l4 klg :jR5 / ;kmf x'G5 . olb xfdLn] klg v}/xgL gu/kflnsfnfO{

:jR5 jftfj/0f ePsf] gu/kflnsf agfpg dg 5 eg] xfdLn] kmf]xf]/d}nfx?nfO{ ;xL 7fpFdf

/fVg'k5{ . xfdLn] :jR5 jftfj/0f agfPh:t} To;nfO{ sfod klg /fVg ;Sg'k5{ .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] dxŒj, kmfObfx? cfjfZostfsf af/]df k|:6

kfg'{xf];\ .

• ljBfyL{nfO{ ljBfnosf] vfnL hUufdf sIffut jf ;bgut s/];faf/L÷au}rf

lgdf{0fdf ;xeflu u/fO{ pTs[i6mnfO{ k'/:s[t ug{'xf];\ .

• efOalxgL xf] Û jftfj/0f ljgf;n] kf/]sf] c;/sf af/]df o'6'a lel8of] x]/L

sIffdf ;a}nfO{ ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

• cfˆgf] ljBfnodf ljZj jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ sIff ^ sf]

cfof]hgfdf Pp6f jSt[Œjsnf k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ug'{xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 61

!= tnsf jfSox¿ l7s eP -_ / a]l7s eP -×_ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ :jR5 jftfj/0f eg]sf] cfˆgf] jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf / :jR5 x'g'

xf] . - _

-v_ jftfj/0fn] dflg;sf] hLjg s:tf] 5 eGg] a'emfpFb}g . - _

-u_ :jR5 jftfj/0fdf afRg kfpg] dflg;sf] df}lns xs xf] . - _

-3_ uf}td a'4 cfkm}df jftfj/0f ;+/If0fk|]dL lyP . - _

-ª_ sfg'gL ?kdf g} :jR5 jftfj/0fnfO{ df}lns xs dflgPsf] 5 . - _

-r_ vf]nfgfnfsf] :jR5tf xfd|f] wd{ ;+:s[lt;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5}g . - _

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ jftfj/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ ;x/L If]qdf jftfj/0fsf] cj:yf s] 5 <

-u_ v}/xgLnfO{ xl/tgu/ agfpg xfdLn] s]–s] ug{'k5{ <

cEof;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg

efOalxgL xf] Û v}/xgL gu/kflnsf

j8f g+= % sL /fddfof b/fO{sf] kmf]xf]/

Joj:yfkgsf] cg'ej cfh xfdLn] k9\5f}+ .

laxfg–a]n'sL efG;faf6 lg:sg]

b'O{y/L s'lxg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ juL{s/0f u/L

cnucnu efF8fdf /fVb} cfPsL 5' .

Pp6fdf kfs]sf] / csf]{df xl/of] t/sf/L /

kmnkm"naf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ . oL b'j} kmf]xf]/nfO{

d}n] sf};Lv]tLdf pkof]u ub}{ cfPsL 5' .

o:t} kfs]sf] cyf{t\ pa|]sf] af;L vfgfnfO{ ;fdfGo df6f]df ld;fO{ s]xL lbg 3fddf

;'sfpFbf Tof] df6fd} kl/0ft x'G5 / o:tf] df6fdf sf]sf]lk6 / h}ljs dn ld;fO{ k'gk{|of]u

ug{ ;lsG5 . o:t} xl/of] t/sf/L / kmnkm"naf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/sf] emf]nnfO{ h}ljs dnsf

?kdf k|of]u ub}{ cfPsL 5' . o;sf nflu ldg/n jf6/ jf lr;f] k]okbfy{sf] af]tnnfO{ lkFw

g5'l6g] u/L uf]nfsf/df sf6\g'k5{ / sfFrf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ lkFwlt/af6 eb}{ hfg'k5{ / dflyaf6 b'w

jf t]nsf] kf]sfnfO{ sf6]/ 5f]Kg'k5{ . af]tnsf] lasf]{ vf]n]/ la¿jfsf] km]b glhs} uf8\g'k5{ .

;f] af]tndf laxfg–a]n'sL efG;faf6 lg:sg] xl/of] kmf]xf]/ eb}{ hfFbf Psflt/ af]6la?jfsf

nflu h}ljs emf]ndn kfOG5 csf{lt/ efG;faf6 lg:sg] b'O{y/Lsf] kmf]xf]/sf] j}1flgs / lbuf]

Joj:yfkg x'G5 .

o:t} gs'lxg] cyf{t\ Knfl:6shGo nufot sfuh clg sfd gnfUg] kmf]xf]/

Joj:yfkgsf nflu d}n] efG;fdf tLgy/L emf]nf /fVg] u/]sL 5' . klxnf]df Knfl:6ssf ;fgf

7'nf emf]nf /fVg] u/]sL 5', bf];|f]df sfuhhGo kmf]xf]/ / t];|f]df sfd} gnfUg]h:tf] cf}iflwsf

kmfon, ;fa'g, la:s'6 nufotsf vf]n . sfd gnfUg] sfuhnfO{ Ps ;ftf;Dd lehfpg'k5{ /

To;kl5 v;|f] e'OFdf d'5]kl5 cf6fsf] …8f]Ú h:t} tof/ x'G5, h;nfO{ h'g;'s} cfsf/ k|sf/sf]

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 63

cfsif{s ;fdu|L tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

Knfl:6ssf emf]nfnfO{ d}n] k'gMk|of]u ug]{ u/]sL 5' / w]/} eP laqmL;d]t u5{' . t]nsf]

;fgf 7"nf hf/ nufot cf6fsf] kf]sfnfO{ udnf agfpg] u/]sL 5' . cGo b'w / t]nsf] kf]sf

nufot bxLsf] ;fgf–7'nf a§fdf klg la?jf pdfg]{ u/]sL 5' . cGo sfd gnfUg] kmf]xf]/nfO{

eg] udnfsf] kLFwdf df6f] eg{'cl3 /fVg'k5{ . efG;fd} lrg]/ kmf]xf]/ juL{s/0f ug{ ;s] dfqf

36\g] dfq geO{ jif{el/ g} h}ljs t/sf/L / kmnkm"n pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

kl5Nnf] ;do b]z}el/sf ;x/x?sf] d'Vo r'gf}tL kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg aGb} cfO/x]sf]

5 . cfkm"n] pTkfbg u/]sf] kmf]xf]/ cfkm}+ Joj:yfkg ug{ g;Sg' / :yfgLo ;/sf/x?n] lghL

sDkgLx?nfO{ kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf nufpg] kl5Nnf] k|j[lQ klg e/kbf]{ xf]Og .

3/fo;L kmf]xf]/sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ ;|f]td} juL{s/0f u/L h}ljs dn pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg]

eP klg :yfgLo ;/sf/sf clwsf+z kbflwsf/L o:tf k|ljlwaf/] cgle1 5g\ . x'g klg …hlt

kmf]xf]/ Tolt df]x/Ú eGg] dfgl;stfaf6 hgk|ltlglwnufot lghL sDkgLx?dfly p7\g ;s]sf]

b]lvFb}g . w/fg pkdxfgu/n] 3/fo;L nufot cGo kmf]xf]/af6 afof]Uof; nufot h}ljs dn

pTkfbg ug{ yfn]sf] ;dfrf/ hg;dIf cfPsf] 5 . t/ ;dfrf/df o;sf k|lqmofaf/] eg] rrf{

x'Gg . of] tl/sf cGoqsf nflu cg's/0fLo 5 .

ut jif{sf] Ps ;j]{If0f cg';f/ 3/fo;L kmf]xf]/dWo] &! k|ltzt s'lxg] kmf]xf]/, !&

nufot sfd gnfUg] kmf]xf]/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;du| kmf]xf]/sf] 7'nf] lx:;f s'lxg] kmf]xf]/ x'g]

u/]sfn] klg o;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{' cToGt cfjZos 5 .

oBlk v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] eg] gu/jf;LnfO{ 3/fo;L kmf]xf]/ juL{s/0f u/L cnu

cnu efF8f /fVg clkn u/]sf] 5 . v}/xgLn] gu/jf;LnfO{ kmf]xf]/ lrgfpg] k|of;sf] yfngL,

kmf]xf]/sf] juL{s/0f / kmf]xf]/nfO{ df]xf]/ agfpg] sfo{ ynfgL ul/;s]sf] 5, h'g c¿ kflnsfsf

nflu klg cg's/0fLo 5 . gu/leq ;ª\slnt kmf]xf]/nfO{ j8f gDa/ $ sf] e'jg]Zj/ 6f]ndf

k|zf]wg s]Gb| :yfkgf u/]/ Knfl:6shGo kmf]xf]/nfO{ k|zf]wg ug{ ;'¿ u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} gu/kflnsfn]

s'lxg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ 3/ 3/d} Joj:yfkg ug{ gu/jf;LnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . v}/xgLsf

ahf/ If]qdf lbg lbg} / u|fdL0f If]qdf xKtfsf] Ps k6s kmf]xf]/ ;ª\sng ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . lghL

If]qsf] ;+nUgtfdf gu/kflnsfn] kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg af6 /fh:j ;d]t ;+sng ul//x]sf] 5 .

h;nfO{ kmf]xf]/af6 df]xf]/ agfpg] pbfx/0fLo sfo{ dfGg ;lsG5 . xfdLn] klg 3/sf] kmf]xf]/nfO{

3/3/d} Joj:yfkg ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ $ sf] e'jg]Zj/ 6f]ndf

cjl:yt kmf]xf]/ k|zf]wg s]Gb|df cjnf]sg e|d0f u/fpg'xf];\ . ToxfF kmf]xf]/

Joj:yfkgsf nflu ckgfOPsf k|fljlws / cGo kIfx?sf af/]df a'em]/

ljBfyL{nfO{ atfpg'xf];\ .

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf ljleGg lel8of]x?

b]vfpg'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk M lj|mofsnfk M

• tkfO{Fsf] 3/df s:tf] s:tf] kmf]xf]/ x'G5 < kmf]xf]/sf] gfd n]v]/ sIffdf

b]vfpg'xf];\ .

• tkfO{x?n] klg 3/df 8f]sf] jf af]/fsf] 8:6ljg agfO{ kmf]xf]/ Aoj:yfkgsf] sfo{

u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L lzIfsnfO{ u/fpg'xf];\ .

!= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ kmf]xf]/d}nf eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ kmf]xf]/d}nfleq s:tf s:tf kmf]xf]/x? kb{5g\ <

-u_ h}ljs kmf]xf]/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

-3_ ch}ljs kmf]xf]/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

-ª_ kmf]xf]/nfO{ s;/L k|zf]wg ug{ ;lsG5 <

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] nfdf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .

-s_ kmf]xf]/d}nfsf k|sf/x?sf af/]df n]Vg'xf];\ .

-v_ kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf pkfox? s] s] x'g\ < n]Vg'xf];\ .

-u_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] u/]sf] kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf] k|of;af/] n]Vg'xf];\ .

cEof;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 65

#= tnsf jfSox? l7s eP l7s lrXg -_ / a]l7s eP a]l7s lrXg -×_ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ kmf]xf]/ eg]sf] 7f]; j:t'dfq xf] .

-v_ kmf]xf]/d}nf sfd nfUg] j:t' xf]Og .

-u_ kmf]xf]/nfO{ df]xf]/df abNg ;lsG5 .

-3_ kmf]xf]/nfO{ s'lxg] / gs'lxg] u/L 5'6\ofP/ /fVg'kb{5 .

-ª_ kmf]xf]/ /fd|f];Fu Joj:yfkg ePg eg] /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf x'G5 .

$= hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

;d"x ‘s’ ;d"x ‘v’

¥oflkª k]k/ ahf/df x'g] kmf]xf]/

t/sf/Lsf vf]n 3/df x'g] kmf]xf]/

afn'jf c:ktfnsf] kmf]xf]/

rfprfpsf vf]n ljBfnodf x'g] kmf]xf]/

cf}ifwLsf l;;L efG;fdf x'g] kmf]xf]/

afn'jf 3/aflx/af6 x'g] kmf]xf]/

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf 3R l;4fGtsf] af/]df gu/kflnsfn]

u/]sf] k|of; ljifodf lzIfssf] ;xof]udf Pp6f k|ltj]bg

tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

xfd|f d"No, dfGotf,

;bfrf/ / of]u

PsfO–!)

• of]uf;fg

• /]8qm;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 67

of]uf;g

of]u eGgfn] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / cflTds ;Gt'ng

k|fKt ug{ ul/g] Ps k'/fgf] / k|efjsf/L cEof; xf] .

æof]uÆ zAbsf] cy{ xf] æhf]8Æ — cyf{t\ z/L/,

dg / cfTdfnfO{ Ps;fy Nofpg' xf] . cfo'j]{bdf

elgPsf] 5 ls rf/ k|sf/sf] dxf;'v x'G5g\ :j:y

z/L/, lgTo cfDbfgL, cf1fsf/L k'q, dL7f] s'/f ug]{

hLjg;fyL . To;}n] :j:y hLjg ;a}eGbf 7"nf]

;'v xf] .

:jf:Yosf nflu of]usf d'Vo kmfObfx¿M

zf/Ll/s :jf:YoM

• z/L/nfO{ nlrnf] agfpF5 .

• df+;k]zL / xf8nfO{ dha't agfpF5 .

• kfrg k|0ffnL ;'wf/ u5{ .

• /Qmrfk, dw'd]x, yfO/fO8 cflb /f]u lgoGq0fdf d2t u5{ .

@= dfgl;s :jf:YoM

• tgfj, lrGtf / l8k|]zg sd u5{ .

• dgnfO{ zfGt / Psfu| agfpF5 .

• lg›fdf ;'wf/ NofpF5 .

#= cflTds ljsf;M

• cfTd–1fg / cg'zf;g a9fpF5 .

• hLjgk|lt ;sf/fTds ;f]r NofpF5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

of]usf s]xL k|d'v cEof;x¿M

• cf;g -zf/Ll/s Jofofdh:t}M tf8Þf;g, e'hËf;g, ah|f;g_

• k|f0ffofd -:jf;;DaGwL cEof;M cg'nf]d–ljnf]d, skfneflt_

• Wofg -dgsf] Psfu|tf / zflGtsf nflu Wofg s]lG›t ug]{ cEof;_

lgoldt of]u cEof;n] bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf ;du| :jf:Yodf ;sf/fTds k|efj kf5{

of]usf s]xL k|sf/x?sf] af/]df tn rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ tf8f;g

of] of]uf;g cf/De ubf{ b'j} uf]8fx?nfO{ Ps} 7fFpdf

/fv]/ plecf}F . b'j} xftnfO{ 6fpsf] dfly n}hfcf}F / cf}Fnfx?nfO{

cNemfP/ hf]8f}F . :ff; lnb} ;Dk"0f{ z/L/nfO{ dfly tGsfcf}F / Zjf;

5f8\b} bflxg]tkm{ em'sf}F . Zjf; lnb}F dfly cfpg cfcf}F / Zjf;

5f]8\b} b]a|]tkm{ em'sf}F . o;/L $–% k6s;Dd bf]xf]¥ofpg] u/f}F .

kmfObf M

of] cf;gsf] lgoldt cEof;af6 wft'Ifoh:tf /f]ux? x6\g yfN5g\ . of] cf;gn] dnfzo

jf cfdfzosf] df+zk]zLnfO{ ljsl;t u/]/ cfGb|fx?sf] cfsf/df j[l4 u5{ . o;n] d]¿b08sf

ljsf;df ;xfotf ub{5 . of] cf;g ugf{n] g;faf6 lg:sg] laGb'x?sf] cj/f]wnfO{ x6fpF5 .

-v_ ah|f;g

ah|f;g Psbd} ;/n / pkof]uL of]uf;g xf], ljz]ifu/L

kfrg ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu. of] vfgf vfPkl5 klg ug{ ldNg] Psdfq

of]uf;g xf] .

oxfF ah|f;g ug]{ ;xL tl/sf lbOPsf] 5M

ah|f;g ug]{ tl/sf -Steps_M

– ;lhnf] :yfgdf a:g] tof/L ug{'xf];\ .

– of]uf Dof6 jf r6fO{df 3'F8f 6]s]/ a:g] tof/L ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 69

– 3'F8fsf] dfly a:g'xf];\ .

– b'a} v'§f 3'F8f df]8]/ k5fl8 tfGg'xf];\ .

– v'§fsf] cf}+nfx¿ ldnfP/ /fVg'xf];\ / lk7\o'sf] d'lg a;]/ 6f]sg agfpg'xf];\ .

– lgtDa -sd/_ b'a} uf]8fsf] tn a:g] u/L /fVg'xf];\ .

– d]?b08 ;Lwf /fVg'xf];\ .

– 9f8 ;Lwf agfpg'xf];\, 5ftL km'nfpg'xf];\ / sGwf l9nf];+u tn em's]sf] x'g'xf];\ .

– xft 6]lsg] tl/sfdf /fVg'xf];\ .

– b'a} xft uf]8fsf] dfly hf+3df /fVg'xf];\, xy]nL tn jf dfly kmsf{O/fVg ;lsG5 .

– zfGt dgn] Zjf;–k|Zjf;df Wofg lbg'xf];\ .

– cfFvf aGb u/]/ Zjf;k|Zjf;df Wofg lbg'xf];\ .

– % b]lv !) ldg]6 a:g ;lsG5 .

ah|f;gsf] kmfObfM

– kfrg k|0ffnL ;'wf/ x'G5 .

– slAhot -constipation_ x6fpF5 .

– z/L/sf] tNnf] efu alnof] agfpF5 .

– Wofg / zflGtdf d2t u5{ .

;fjwfgLx¿M

– olb tkfO{+nfO{ 3'F8fdf ;d:of -h:t} 3'F8fsf] b'vfO_ 5 eg] of] cf;g gug{'xf];\ jf sd

;do ug{'xf];\ .

– ;'?df 5f]6f] ;doaf6 ;'? ug{'xf];\ — !–@ ldg]6 — clg lj:tf/} a9fpg'xf];\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ s'g} Ps of]usf] gd'gf sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ . o;sf nflu

tl:j/ jf lel8of]sf] ;xfotf lng'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

lj|mofsnfk Mlj|mofsnfk M

• tkfO{Fn] p7]/ ug]{ of]uf;gx? ug{'ePsf] 5 < gu/]sf] eP klg of] kf7 kl9;s]kl5

cjZo hfGg'eof] xf]nf . sIffdf o;sf] gd'gf k|bz{g ug{xf];\ .

!= tnsf jfSox? l7s eP l7s a]l7s eP a]l7s n]Vg'xf];\M

-s_ of]un] hLjgk|lt ;sf/fTds ;f]r NofpF5 .

-v_ tf8f;g ubf{ Pp6f xftnfO{ dfq 6fpsf] dfly n}hfg'k5{ .

-u_ ah|;gn] ub{g / 9f8sf] b'vfOdf nfebfoL x'G5 .

-3_ cfo"j{]bsf cg';f/ dfgj hLjgdf tLgcf]6f dxf;'v 5g\ .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\M

-s_ of]usf] 5f]6f] kl/ro lbg'xf];\ .

-v_ ah|f;g ug]{ ljlw n]Vg'xf];\ .

-u_ tf8f;g s;/L ul/G5 <

-3_ of]usf kmfObfx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

@= tnsf] lrq x]/]/ lzIfssf] ;xof]udf of]u tyf Wofgsf] dxŒjaf/] 5nkmn

ug'{xf];\ .

cEof;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 71

/]8j|m;

/]8qm; ;]jfd"ns cGt/f{li6«o ;fdflhs ;:yf xf] . /]8qm;sf] ;+:yfks dxfdfgj

x]g/L 8\o"gf x'g\ . 8\o"gfsf] hGd l:jh/NofG8sf] h]g]efdf ;g !*@* df ePsf] lyof] . pgL ;g\

!*%( df Joj;fosf] lznlznfdf O6fnLsf] ;Nkm]l/gf] eGg] 7fpFdf k'u]sf lyP . ToxfF Psflt/

cl:6«of, k|mfG; csf]{lt/ O6nLsf ;]gfx?lar o'4 rln/x]sf] lyof] . x]g/L 8\o"gfn] o'4sf]

sf/0f eO/x]sf] dfgjLo kL8f, lrTsf/, 56k6L, / j]bgf glhsaf6 cg'e"lt ul//x]sf lyP .

pgn] Tof] kL8f ;xg g;sL :yfgLo dlxnfx?sf] ;xof]udf 3fOt] l;kfOx?nfO{ k|fylds

pkrf/ ug{ nfu] . To;kl5 pgsf] dl:tisdf wg, ;DklQ, Jofkf/, ;'v ;'ljwf eGbf 7'nf] s'/f

dfgjLo ;]jf /x]5 eGg] nfUof] . pgn] ;a} la;]{/ o; ;ª\s6lt/ pGd"v ljZjnfO{ s]xL of]ubfg

lbg'k5{ eGg] efjgf / hf];sf ;fy O=;+= !*^# cS6f]j/ @) df cGt/f{li6«o /]8qm;sf] :yfkgf

u/] . cfh cGt/f{li6«o /]8qm; ;+:yf ljZjsf !() /fi6«df km}ln/x]sf] 5 .

ljz]if u/L k|fs[lts ;ª\s6, b'3{6gf, o'4 tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg k"j{ tof/L ;r]tgf

h:tf sfo{qmd ug'{ /]8qm;sf d'Vo sfd x'g\ . hg;]jf ug]{ p2]Zon] s'g} b]zdf zfvf jf

;+u7gsf ?kdf /]8qm;sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] x'G5 . g]kfndf klg /]8qm;sf] :yfkgf lj=;+=

@)@) ef› !( ut] ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L Ps ljz'4 dfgjLo ;]jf ug]{

p2]Zon] :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] .

dfgjtf, lgikIftf, t6:ytf, :jflwgtf, P]lR5s ;]jf, Pstf / ljZjJofkstf /]8qm;

cleofgsf ;ft l;4fGtx? x'g\ . /]8qm;n] /fli6«otf, hflt, wd{, ju{ / /fhgLlts

ljrf/wf/fsf] cfwf/df s'g} e]befj ub}{g . /]8qm; cleofgn] ;DalGwt /fi6«sf] P]g sfg'g

kfngf u/L dfgjLo ;]jf sfo{df ;b}j ;xof]u ub{5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^

xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf klg /]8qm;sf] pkzfvfx? :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . v}/xgL

gu/kflnsf leqsf tL pkzfvfdf o; If]qsf :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx? ;ª\3÷;+:yf Pj+ ;'e]

R5'sx?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf / lg/Gt/ ;xof]u /x]sf] kfOG5 . lo pkzfvfx?af6 ljkb\ tyf

;ª\s6 Joj:yfkgdf ljz]if u/]/ af9L / klx/f], cfunfuL, ;8s b'3{6gf, r6\ofª, xfjfx'/L

h:tf ljkb\x?af6 Iflt sd ug{ ljkb\ k"j{tof/L ;DaGwL hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng

e}/x]sf] 5 . ljkb\ k"j{tof/L:j?k gu/sf ljleGg ljBfno tyf ;d'bfodf tflnd lbO{ :jod

;]jsx? pTkfbg u/L ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . rf}la;} 306f PDa'n]G;, c;xfo tyf ckfË

;xof]u, b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ tyf /fxft ljt/0f sfo{qmd, clUgkLl8t /fxt ;xof]u, a]vrL{ tyf

c;xfonfO{ ;xof]u cflb oxfFaf6 pknAw x'g] ;]jfx? x'g\ . log} ;]jfd"ns sfo{x?n] ubf{

v}/xgL pkzfvf g]kfns} gd'gf pkzfvfsf ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . o; zfvfsf] cfly{s

;|f]tdf ;b:otf z'Ns, 3/ef8f, PDa'n]G; ;]jfaf6 k|fKt /sd, /uthGo ;]jfaf6 k|fKt /sd,

rGbf bfg, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3 ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt ;xof]u cflb /x]sf 5g\ .

z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df …d ;]jf u5'Ú{ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy h'lgo/ tyf o'jf /]8qm;sf]

:yfkgf ul/Psf] x'G5 . o;n] afnaflnsfdf ;fg}b]lv ;]jfsf] efjgf hfu[t u/fpF5 .

v}/xgL pkzfvfn] sIff * ;Dd k9fO x'g] ljBfnodf h'lgo/ /]8qm; ;s{n u7g u/]sf] 5 .

To;}u/L sIff ! b]lv !@ ;Dd jf ( b]lv !@ sIff ;Ddsf ljBfno jf ljZjljBfno /

;d'bfodf o'jf /]8qm; u7g u/]sf] 5 . h'lgo/ tyf o'jf /]8qm; ;s{n sfo{;ldltsf] cjlw

b'O{ jif{sf] x'G5 . o;n] ljBfno tyf ;d'bfodf x'g] k|fylds pkrf/, k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL

ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;r]tgf d"ns sfo{qmd ub{5 .

;d'bfon] ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?af6 k|ToIf ?kdf ;]jf lnO/x]sf x'G5g\ . /]8qm; xfdL

;a}sf] ljkb\sf] ;fyL xf] . o;n] b}ljs ljklQsf] cj:yfdf ;j}eGbf klxnf ;j{;'ne ;]jf

lbg] ub{5 . o:tf ;]jfd"ns ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ hLjGt /fVg' xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] .

lzIf0f ;'emfj M lzIf0f ;'emfj M

• lzIfs ldq Û ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] /]8qm; pkzfvfsf]

cjnf]sg u/fpg'xf];\ .

• ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx? Û /]8qm; pkzfvfn] v}/xgLdf s]s:tf ;]jf ;'ljwf

pknAw /x]5g\ < ;f]w]/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^ 73

lj|mofsnfk Mlj|mofsnfk M

• tkfO{Fsf] j8fleq ;~rfngdf /x]sf cGo ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?sf] ;"rL agfO{ ltgn]

u/]sf dxŒjk"0f{ sfdx?sf] af/] sIffdf hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .

• v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf :jf:Yo zfvf k|d'vnfO{ ljBfnodf af]nfO{ v}/xgLsf]

:jf:Yo cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L lbg nufpg'xf];\ .

cEof;

!= pko'St zAb /fv]/ vfnL 7fpF eg'{xf];\ M

-s_ /]8qm; ;d'bfoaf6 ;~rflnt cGt/f{li6«o====================;+:yf xf] .

-v_ g]kfndf /]8qm;sf] :yfkgf lj=;+==================== ul/Psf] lyof] .

-u_ v}/xgL pkzfvfn] ==============a}+ssf] :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 .

-3_ ;]jfd"ns ;ª\3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ hLjGt /fVg' xfdL ;a}sf] ==============xf] .

-ª_ /]8qm;n] afnaflnsfdf ;fg}b]lv ==============efjgf hfu[t u/fpF5 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ /]8qm;sf ;+:yfks sf] x'g\ <

-v_ /]8qm;sf d'Vo sfd s] s] x'g\ < n]Vg'xf];\ .

-u_ /]8qm; cleofgsf ;ft l;4fGtx? n]Vg'xf];\ .

-3_ v}/xgL /]8qm; pkzfvfaf6 pknAw ;]jfx? n]Vg'xf];\ .

-ª_ h'lgo/ tyf o'jf /]8qm;sf] :yfkgf s;/L ul/Psf] x'G5 <

-r_ h'lgo/ tyf o'jf /]8qm;n] s:tf sfo{qmdx? ub{5 <

#= x]g/L 8\o"gfn] /]8qm;sf] :yfkgf s;/L u/]sf x'g\ < kf7sf] cfwf/df n]Vg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff ^