xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgLxfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] :yfgLo kf7\oj|mddf cfwfl/t kf7\ok':ts

sIff %

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

ljBfyL{sf] gfd M

ljBfnosf] gfd M

cleefjssf] gfd M

cleefjssf] kmf]g g+= M

sIff %

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] :yfgLo kf7\oj|mddf cfwfl/t kf7\ok':ts

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

k|sfzs M v

}/xgL gu/kflnsf, lrtjg .

;xhLs/0f M ;fe g]kfn, kf]v/f . ;Dks{ M (*%^)#@$&#

;jf{lwsf/ M k|sfzsdf

k|sfzg M klxnf] ;+:s/0f, lj=;+=@)*!

d'b|0f M dgsfdgf 5fkfvfgf, v}/xgL–*, k;f{, lrtjg – )%^–%*@!(%

d"No M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL -sIff %_

v}/xgL gu/kflnsf gu/sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no lrtjgn] ;fe g]kfn kf]v/f;Fusf]

;xof]udf tof/ kf/]sf] k|:t't kf7\ok':ts æxfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgLÆ k|yd ;+:s/0f ePsfn]

k|:t't ;+:s/0fdf b]lvPsf sld sdhf]/L k|lt oxfFsf] cd"No ;Nnfx ;'emfjsf nflu

xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . tkfO{x?sf] ;sf/fTds ;Nnfx Pjd\ ;'emfjn] kf7\ok':tsnfO{

yk kl/:s[t agfpb} cufl8 a9\g pTk|]/0ff lbg]5 . wGojfb .

;'emfjsf] nfluM edu.khairahani@gmail.com

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

gu/ k|d'vsf] sndaf6

:yfgLo ;d'bfosf cfjZostf / ¿lrnfO{ dxŒj lbO{ :yfgLo :t/s} ;fwg, ;|f]t / lj1tfsf]

pkof]udfkm{t\ :yfgLo :t/df lgdf{0f, ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ul/g] kf7\oqmd :yfgLo kf7\oqmd xf] .

/fli6«o kf7\oqmdn] dfq hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt cflbdf x'g] ljljwtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ g;Sg]

ePsfn] :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] xf] .

g]kfn ljljwtfn] ;DkGg d'n's xf] . oxfF ljleGg y/L efiff, ;Eotf, k];f, ;+:s[lt, e]ife"iff

/ e"uf]nx? 5g\ . ltgsf cf–cfˆg} ljlzi6 klxrfg 5g\ . …ljljwtfdf PstfÚ g]kfnLsf] ljlzi6

klxrfg g} xf] . nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;ª\3Lo ;+ljwfg hf/L eO{ d'n's oxL af6f]df cl3

al9/x]sf a]nfdf ;+ljwfgn] ;d]t k|To]s efiff / ;Eotfsf] ;+/If0f / ;+a4{g ug{ kfpg] gful/ssf]

xsnfO{ df}lns xssf ?kdf ;'/lIft u/]sf] 5 eg] o;sf nflu ljleGg ;dodf P]g, sfg'g /

lgb{]lzsfx?;d]t aGg] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo kf7\oqmdnfO{ cjwf/0ffut ?kdf k|i6\ofpg] qmddf g]kfnsf ljleGg b:tfa]hdf

/x]sf k|fjwfgx?nfO{ x]g{'kb{5 . xfn sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf gLltx?df :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf af/]df

lgDgfg';f/ pNn]v ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ efu # sf] wf/f #! df lzIff ;DaGwL

df}lns xssf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o; wf/fsf] pkwf/f % df g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{

sfg'gadf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 eGg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ Jojxf/tM

sfof{Gjogsf nflu :yfgLo kf7\oqmddfkm{t\ ;dfhdf /x]sf efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;f+:s[lts ;Eotf

/ ;DkbfnfO{ hu]gf{ ug]{ k|s[ltsf] 1fg, l;k / k|ljlw ljBfyL{nfO{ lbg' h¿/L 5 . lzIffnfO{ j}1flgs,

Joj;flos, ;Lkd"ns / /f]huf/d"ns Pjd\ hgd'vL agfpFb} ;Ifd k|lt:kwL{ g}lts Pjd\ /fli6«o

lxtk|lt ;dlk{t hgzlQm tof/ ug]{ -wf/f %! -h_-!_ . To;}u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g

@)&$ sf] kl/R5]b # sf] bkmf !! -h_ -$_ df dft[efiffdf lzIff lbg] ljBfnosf] cg'dlt, cg'udg

tyf lgodg;DaGwL Joj:yf u/L :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfnfO{ Oª\lut u/]sf] 5 .

To:t} pQm P]gsf] bkmf !! -h_ -!*_ df :yfgLo :t/sf] z}lIfs 1fg, l;k / k|ljlwsf] ;+/If0f,

k|jw{g / :t/Ls/0f ug]{ s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] ……lzIfssf xftdf kf7\os|d

/ ljBfyL{sf xftdf kf7\ok':tsÚÚ eGg] clek|fosf ;fy o; sfdnfO{ cl3 a9fPsf] xf] . of]

kf7\ok':ts lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df ;Dk"0f{ hgk|ltlglw, kf7\oqmdlj1, lzIffljb\, k|wfgfWofks, lzIfs,

cleefjs, ljBfyL{, n]vs, :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf nufot ;a} v

}/xgL

gu/kflnsfjf;Lsf] ;xof]u

k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

kf7\ok':ts n]vgsf qmddf ljleGg r/0fsf uf]i7L, 5nkmn / cGt/lqmofdfkm{t\ :yfgLo

:t/sf cfjZostf / kf7\ok':tsdf ;d]6\g'kg{] ljifo ;Gbe{x?sf af/]df cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ul/Psf]

5 . :yfgLo l;k, Ifdtf, snf, k];f, Joj;fo, :yfgLo ;Dkbf, :yfgLo klxrfgnfO{ kf7\ok':tsdf

;d]6]/ ljBfyL{sf 1fg, l;k / clej[lQnfO{ phfu/ ug{] k|of; u/fpg], Tof] kf7\ok':tsdf k|To]sn]

cfˆgf] klxrfg b]Vg] / ;a}n] ckgTj dx;'; ug{] 9ª\un] agfOPsf] of] kf7\ok':tsn] gofF lkF9LnfO{

cfˆgf] df}lnskgsf] vf]hL ug{ k|]l/t ug{] 5 .

:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] cfjZostf, rfxgf / pgLx?s} ;xeflutfdf :yfgLo ljifoj:t'nfO{

;dfj]z u/L lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog /x]sf] -xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL_ gfds kf7\ok':tssf] P]ltxfl;s

dxŒj /xg] s'/fdf s'g} zª\sf 5}g . o;sf] n]vg, ;Dkfbg / k|sfzgdf ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0f

ug{] ;+:yf ;fe g]kfn / ldlxg]tsf ;fy kf7\ok':ts n]vgdf vl6g'ePsf lj1 n]vsx?k|lt

gu/kflnsf xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5 . kf7\ok':ts lgdf{0fsf ljleGg r/0fdf cfˆgf] cd"No ;'emfj

lbP/ ;xof]u ug{'x'g] kf7\oqmd ;xhLs/0f ;ldlt / kf7\oqmd d:of}bf n]vg ;ldlt, ljBfnosf

lzIfs, cleefjs, k|wfgfWofks, ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx?, lzIffljb\, ;dfh;]jL, ljleGg If]qsf lj1

JolQmŒjx?, gu/kflnsfsf ;Dk"0f{ hgk|ltlglwHo"x?, /fhg}lts JolQmŒj, sd{rf/Lx? ;a}nfO{

xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}F . ;fy} k':ts 5kfO{sf] cleef/f axg ug]{ dgsfdgf 5fkfvfgf k|lt

klg xfdL cfef/L 5f}F .

cGTodf, …xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgLÚ gfds o; :yfgLo kf7\ok':tssf] k"0f{ ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf

nflu z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5f}F . lgdf{0fsf qmddf h:t} o;sf] cy{k"0f{ sfof{Gjogsf ;Gbe{df

klg ;a} kIfsf] plQs} ;xof]u / ;b\efj /xg] cfzf Pjd\ ljZjf; JoQm ub{5' .

zzL s'df/ vlgof

gu/ k|d'v

v}/xgL gu/kflnsf, lrtjg .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

ljifo;"rL

PsfO kf7 zLif{s k[i7

!= v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro 1v}/xgL kl/ro 1

2;fdflhs ;+:yf 6

@= :yfgLo snf / ;+:s[lt 3:yfgLo k|ljlw 10

4gftfuf]tf 14

#= :yfgLo ko{6g 5d]/f] v}/xgL gu/ 18

6ko{6ssf] ;Tsf/ 20

$= :yfgLo s[lif Joj;fo 7v}/xgLsf h8La'6L 24

%= :yfgLo k];f, Joj;fo / k|ljlw 8:yfgLo sRrf kbfy{ 28

9k|sfi7 la?jf 32

^= :yfgLo k|fs[lts ;Dkbf 10 v}/xgLsf l;d;f/ If]q 37

11 ;fd'bflos jg 40

&= :yfgLo v]nx? 12 sa8\8L v]n 45

*= ;8s ;'/Iff / ljkb\ Jojj:yfkg 13 6«flkms lgod 50

(= ;x/L ljsf;, k|b"if0f tyf kmf]xf]/

Joj:yfkg

14 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f 56

15 v}/xgLsf] kmf]xf]/

Joj:yfkg 60

16 ;/;kmfO 64

!)= xfd|f d"No, dfGotf, ;bfrf/

/ of]u

17 s] vfg] s] gvfg] < 68

18 k|f0ffofd 72

19 ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yf 75

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf]

kl/ro

PsfO–!

• v}/xgL kl/ro

• ;fdflhs ;+:yf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 1

e"ldsf / xL/f sIff % df

cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{x? x'g\ . v}/xgL

gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro eGg] ljifodf cfh

pgLx? s'/fsfgL ub}{5g\ . vfhf vfg]

5'§Ldf cfkm"n] hfg]sf] s'/f e"ldsfn]

ljBfno k|fª\u0fd} xL/fnfO{ atfpFb}l5g\ .

xL/f M e"ldsf, xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfaf/] ltdLn] hfg]sf] s'/f dnfO{ ;'gfpm

g .

e"ldsf M xL/f of] t ;fob ltdLnfO{ klg yfxf 5 . n ;'g, g]kfnsf] k"j{b]lv

klZrd;Dd km}lnPsf] P]ltxfl;s /fhdfu{ dx]G› /fhdfu{ -k"j{klZrd

/fhdfu{_ n] b'O{lt/ afF8]sf] of] gu/kflnsf g]kfns} cGge08f/ klg xf] .

xL/f M t/ of] v}/xgL gfd s;/L /xg uof] t <

e"ldsf M v}/xgL gu/kflnsf gfds/0f s;/L eof] eGg] ;DaGwdf ljljw vfn]

lsDabGtLx? kfOG5 . k|frLgsfndf of] If]qdf k|z:t vo/3f/Ln]

el/Psfn] tTsfn vo/3f/Lsf] gfdn] kl/lrt /x]sf] vo/3f/L zAb

cke|+; eO{ v}/xgL ePsf] eGg] egfO /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL gfdaf6

v}/xgL kl/ro

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

v}/xgL ufFp ljsf; ;ldltsf] gfds/0f eO{ ;f] v}/xgL ufpF ljsf;

;ldlt;lxt cGo ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ldn]/ gu/kflnsf u7g ePsfn]

o; gu/kflnsfsf] gfd v}/xgL gu/kflnsf gfds/0f ePsf] xf] .

xL/f M P To;f] eP/ kf] o;nfO{ v}/xgL elgPsf] /x]5 . clg slxn]b]lv

o;nfO{ gu/kflnsf elgPsf] xf] t <

e"ldsf M xf], Wofg lbP/ ;'g x} . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ldlt @)&!÷)!÷@% sf]

lg0f{ofg';f/ u7g ePsf] o; gu/kflnsf ;'?df lrtjg lhNnfsf]

r}gk'/, v}/xgL / s'd/f]h u/L tLg j6f ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ;dfj]z

eO{ u7g ePsf] xf] .

xL/f M clg To;df s7f/ s;/L ylkof] t aLrdf <

e"ldsf M ;'g xL/f d ToxL eGb}5' . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ldlt @)&@÷)^÷)!

sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ s7f/ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ;d]t o; gu/kflnsfdf

;dfj]z eP kl5 ;fljssf rf/ ufFp ljsf; ;ldltx?sf] ;+o'Qm ?k

g} clxn]sf] v}/xgL gu/kflnsf xf] .

xL/f M P Û To;/L t of] v}/xgL gu/kflnsf $ uflj; ldn]/ ag]sf]

7"nf] gu/kflnsf kf] /x]5, x}g t e"ldsf <

e"ldsf M xf] t lg xL/f . of] gu/kflnsfdf !# j6f j8fx? 5g\ lg . of] v}/xgL

gu/kflnsfn] s'n *%=%& ju{ lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 eg]

@)&* ;fnsf] hgfu0fgf cg';f/ oxfF xfn ^&,*#% hg;ª\Vofsf]

a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . h;df yf?sf] ;ª\Vof ;a}eGbf a9L 5 .

xL/f M slt hfg]sL ltdLn] < l6kf]6 g} agfPsL 5f} / <

e"ldsf M xf] cln ufx|f] ljifo / tYofÍnfO{ ;lDemg d}n] l6kf]6 g} agfP/ k9\g]

u/]sL 5' . ;'g g o;sf] rf/} l;dfgfdf s'g s'g kflnsf k5{g\ yfxf

5 <

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 3

xL/f M ltdL g} eg ;a} . d}n] Pp6f b'O6f atfP/ ePg .

e"ldsf M lrtjg lhNnf cGtu{t /x]sf] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] k"j{df /fKtL

gu/kflnsf, klZrdtkm{ /Tggu/ gu/kflnsf, pQ/tkm{ sflnsf

gu/kflnsf / blIf0f tkm{ lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h cjl:yt 5 . ;d'b|

;txaf6 Go"gtd !($ ld= / clwstd ^*) ld6/ ;Ddsf] prfOdf

/x]sf] of] gu/kflnsfsf] ;a} e"efu ;dyl/nf] d}bfgL efudf kb{5 .

o; gu/kflnsfsf] e"–pkof]usf] cj:yfdf clwsf+z e"efu s[lifof]Uo

e"ld, / s]xL efu dfq vf]nfgfnfn] cf]u6]sf] 5 .

xL/f M cf]xf] Û aNn cfh d}n] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] af/]df w]/} s'/f hfGg]

df}sf kfPF .

e"ldsf M klxnf dnfO{ klg yfxf lyPg . dgdf rf;f] lnP/ dfdf;Fu ;f]w]/

hfg]sL lg . xfd|f dfdfn] gu/kflnsfsf] kz' ljsf; zfvfdf sfd

ug{'x'G5 . gu/kflnsfsf] af/]df a'em\g gu/kflnsfsf] j]a;fO6M https://

khairahanimun.gov.np / km];a's k]hM https://www.facebook.

com/khairahanimun x]g{ ;lsG5 .

xL/f M ghfg]sf] s'/f hfGg] JolQm;Fu ;f]Wg' kbf]{/x]5 . ltdL;Fu Psl5g a:bf

dnfO{ olt w]/} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L eof] .

e"ldsf M dnfO{ klg hfg]sf] s'/f ltdLnfO{ atfpg kfpFbf 1fg a9\of] lg . pm

306L klg aHof] . p7 hfpmF sIfflt/ .

xL/f M x'G5 clxn] p7f}+ . kl5 o:t} ljifodf ukm u/f}+nf x} .

-b'j} cfˆgf] sIfflt/ k|j]z u5{g\ ._

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, tkfO{+ klg cfˆgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cf–cfˆgf] j8fdf /x]sf

ljleGg ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfx? tyf z}lIfs ;+:yfaf/] ljj/0f ;ª\sng

u/fO{ ltgsf] af/]df yk k|i6\ofOlbP/ hfgsf/L lbg] k|of; ug{'xf]nf .

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNbf] zAb eg{'xf];\ .

s_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf ================================ j8fx? 5g\ .

v_ v}/xgLsf] blIf0fdf ========================= kflnsf kb{5 .

u_ ghfg]sf] s'/f ============================ ;Fu ;f]Wg' kbf]{ /x]5 .

3_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsf====================j6f uflj; ldn]/ ag]sf] xf] .

cEof;

!= tkfO{Fsf] j8fdf ePsf ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfx?sf] gfdfjnL ljj/0f tof/

ug'{xf];\ .

@= tkfO{sf] ufpF6f]ndf /x]sf ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfx?n] u/]sf s]xL pNn]vgLo

sfdx?af/] 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

#= gu/kflnsfaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwf, 5fqj[lQ, s[lif cg'bfgsf ;DaGwdf

hfgsf/L lng cfdf a'afnfO{ df]afO{naf6 gu/kflnsfsf] km];a's k]h / j]

a;fO6 lgoldt x]g{ eGg'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 5

@= hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ .

;d"x ‘s’ ;d"x ‘v’

;a}eGbf a9L ;ª\Vof *%=%& ju{ ls=dL=

v}/xgLsf] If]qkmn /Tggu/ gu/kflnsf

v}/xgLsf] hg;ª\Vof yf?

v}/xgLsf] klZrddf ^&,*#%

#= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .

s_ ;'?df s'g s'g uflj; ldnfP/ v}/xgL gu/kflnsf ag]sf] lyof] <

v_ k"j{ / klZrd /fhdfu{n] v}/xgLnfO{ s] u/]sf] 5 <

u_ kl5 s'g ldltdf yk ! uflj;nfO{ ;d]6]/ v}/xgL gu/kflnsf agfOPsf]

xf] <

3_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] l;dfgfdf kg]{ kflnsfx? s'g s'g x'g\ <

ª_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] prfO n]Vg'xf];\ .

#= OG6/g]6sf] ;xfotfdf u'un gS;fdf cfˆgf] 3/b]lv gu/kflnsf;Ddsf]

af6f] kQf nufpg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

@;fdflhs ;+:yf

;dfhsf] ;du| pGglt, k|ult / ;'wf/dfkm{t\ cfˆgf] ufpF7fpFsf] ljsf; ug{

;lsG5 . cfˆgf] ufpF7fpFsf] ljsf;dfkm{t\ /fi6«sf] ljsf;df of]ubfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

o;sf nflu ;dfhdf ljleGg ;+:yfx? lqmofzLn /xG5g\ . ltgLx?dWo] s]xLn] s'g}

:yfg ljz]ifnfO{ dfq s]Gb| agfO{ sfo{ u/]sf x'G5g\ . tL ;a} ;dfhsf] ;jf{ª\uL0f

lxtsf nflu lqmofzLn /xG5g\ . oL ;+:yfx?n] ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf] s'g} g s'g}

If]qdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf x'G5g\ . ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?n] ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f,

;dfhsf] ;du| pGglt, k|ult / ;'wf/dfkm{t\ cfˆgf] ufpF7fpFsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

cfˆgf] ufpF7fpFsf] ljsf;dfkm{t\ /fi6«sf] ljsf;df of]ubfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf

nflu ;dfhdf ljleGg ;+:yfx? lqmofzLn /xG5g\ . ltgLx?dWo] s]xLn] s'g} :yfg

ljz]ifnfO{ dfq s]Gb| agfO{ sfo{ u/]sf x'G5g\ . oL ;+:yfx?n] ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf]

s'g} g s'g} If]qdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf x'G5g\ . ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?n] ;dfhsf]

o'jf

Sna

cfdf

;d"x

s[ifs

;d"x

afnSna

;ldlt

;xsf/L

tyf

a}ª\s

snf÷:d[lt

k|lti7fg ;fdflhs ;+:yf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 7

?kfGt/0f, r]tgf clej[l4, cfocfh{g, zflGt, d]nldnfk, cdgrog tyf rf}tkmL{

ljsf;df dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf x'G5g\ .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf sfo{/t s]xL ;ª\3 ;+:yfx? / ltgLx?n] k'¥ofPsf]

of]ubfg o;k|sf/ 5 M

;+:yfsf] gfd of]ubfgsf] If]q

o'jf Sna o'jf kl/rfng, ljsf; lgdf{0fdf xft]dfnf], v]ns''b

ljsf; cflb

cfdf ;d"x dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fdf of]ubfg, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf]

;+/If0f cflb

s[ifs ;d"x pGgt aLp, k|ljlw ljsf;

afnSna afnaflnsfsf] /rgfTds ;xeflutf

jg ;ldlt jg ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / pkof]u

;xsf/L tyf a}ª\s C0f tyf artsf] kl/rfng

snf÷:d[lt k|lti7fg :df/s, :d[ltejg, :d[ltkfs{, k':tsfno, cWoog

s]Gb| dfkm{t\ ;r]tgf j[l4 .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf ;]jfsf If]qdf ljleGg ;ª\3 ;+:yfx? aLr ;dGjo

ug{] p2]Zosf ;fy /fli6«o gLltsf] g} cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . :jod\;]jL ;+:yfnfO{

Jojl:yt u/L kl/rfng ug{sf] lglDt ;dfhsNof0f kl/ifb\n] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf]

x'G5 . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cfudg x'g] t/ gl6Sg] kl/kf6LnfO{ yk lgodg ug{

h?/L 5 . o:tf s]xL ;fdflhs ;ª\3;+:yfx? 5g\ h;nfO{ gu/kflnsfn] cfly{s

ef}lts tyf g}lts ?kn] ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ j[xQ/ hgtfsf] ;]jfdf k|f]T;fxg

ug{ ;S5 .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] ;d'bfodf /x]sf ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf af/]df

5nkmn u/fO{ lgisif{x?nfO{ klqsfsf ?kdf k|sfzg ug{ k|f]T;fxg

ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

• glhs}sf] s'g} ;fdflhs ;ª\3;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf uO{ ;+:yf :yfkgfsf]

;Gbe{ h:t} M k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo / sfo{x?_ ;f]wvf]h u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .

• tkfOF{sf] j8fdf /x]sf] s'g} ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf af/]df ;f]wvf]h u/L To;

;+:yfn] ;dfhdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

cEof;

!= l7s eP -_ lrXg / a]l7s eP -_ lrXg lbg'xf];\ .

s_ ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yf gfkmfd"ns ;ª\3 ;+:yf x'g\ .

v_ ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo j[xQ/ dfgjLo ;]jf xf] .

u_ ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yf :jod\;]jL ;+:yf x'g\ .

3_ ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfn] ;fdflhs ljs[lt x6fpg ;xof]u u5{g\ .

@= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

s_ ;fdflhs ;d:of / ljs[lt x6fpg :yfgLo cfdf ;d"xn] s;/L ;xof]u

k'¥ofpg ;S5g\ <

v_ tkfO{Fsf] j8fdf sfo{/t ;ª\3;+:yfx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{xf];\ .

u_ tkfOF{sf] j8fdf ePsf ;+:yfn] ug{] sfdx?dWo] s'g sfd /fd|f] nfUof] <

lsg <

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• xfd|f] ;d'bfodf ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yf :yfkgf eP kl5 lg/Gt/ ;fdflhs

sfo{df lj|moflzn /xg c;kmn x'gsf sf/0fx? s]–s] xf]nfg < ;w}F ;lqmo

/fVg s] ug{'knf{ < ;d'bfosf dflg;x?;Fu ;f]w]/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 9

:yfgLo snf / ;+:s[lt

PsfO–@

• :yfgLo k|ljlw

• gftfuf]tf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

8f]sf]

efOalxgLx? Û ltdLx?n]

8f]sf] b]v]sf 5f} < 8f]sf] ufpFsf

x/]s 3/df x'G5 . ltd|f 3/df klg

8f]sf] 5 xf]nf . v]tL ls;fgL

ug{] 3/df 8f]sf] geO{ x'Fb}g . xfd|f

k'vf{x?n] 8f]sfsf] w]/} k|of]u uy{] .

3fF; sf6\g 8f]sfsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .

ufpF3/df c¿ ;fdfg af]Sg klg

8f]sf] g} vf]lhG5 . bfp/f, kts/, :ofpnf, ds}sf 3f]Fuf, vf]:6f, dn, 9'ª\uf, df6f]

cflb af]Sg klg o;sf] k|of]u x'G5 . xfF;, s'v'/f tyf cGo ;;fgf hgfj/ y'Gg klg

8f]sfs} k|of]u ul/G5 .

8f]sf] agfpg afF; jf lgufnf] rflxG5 . logLx?nfO{ lehfP/ v's'/L, xFl;of,

sb{ cflbn] sf6L nfdf] cfsf/sf] 8f]/Lh:tf] rf]of lgsflnG5 . / o;}af6 8f]sf]

agfOG5 . 8f]sfsf] lkFwlt/sf] efu ;fF3'/f] x'G5 eg] dflyNnf] efu km/flsnf] x'G5 .

clGtddf ;f]nL cfsf/sf] 8f]sf] tof/ x'G5 . 8f]sfsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf]

efunfO{ la6 elgG5 . tnaf6 a'Gb} NofOPsf] rf]ofnfO{ cfk;df s;]/ gkm'l:sg] u/L

afFw]kl5 la6 tof/ x'G5 . o;/L tof/ ePsf] 8f]sfnfO{ gfDnfsf ;xf/fn] lkl7pFdf

af]Sg ;lsG5 . 8f]sf] a'Gg' klg Pp6f 7"nf] l;k xf] . ufpF3/sf l;kfn' / cg'ejL

dflg;n] dfq 8f]sf] a'Gg ;S5g\ . 8f]sf] xfd|f] k'/fgf] ;DklQ xf] . xfdLn] o;nfO{

hf]ufP/ /fVg'k5{ .

#:yfgLo k|ljlw

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 11

8fnf]

efOalxgLx? Û ltdLx?n] 8fnf] b]v]sf 5f} xf]nf . ufpF3/df o;sf] k|of]u

a9L ul/G5 . 8fnf] ljleGg cfsf/sf x'G5g\ . 8fnfsf] ;fgf] ?knfO{ 8fnL elgG5 .

8fnf] agfpg afF; jf lgufnfsf] rf]of rflxG5 . 8fnfsf] tnlt/ ;fF3'/f] / dfl:t/

qmdzM km/flsnf] x'G5 . ‰jf§ x]bf{ of] ;f]nL cfsf/sf] b]lvG5 .

ufpF3/df 8fnfsf] w]/} 7"nf]

dxŒj 5 . xfd|f] kl/j]zdf yf?hfltsf

dlxnfx?n] cfˆgf ljleGg rf8kj{x?df

ax'/+uL tyf a'§]bf/ 8fnLx? ;hfP/ af]Sg]

u/]sf 5g\ . ljleGg cGg, u]8fu'8L tyf c¿

w]/} ;fdfgx? /fVg 8fnfsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .

7"nf] cfsf/sf] 8fnf] ;fdfg af]Sgsf nflu

klg k|of]u ul/G5 . klxnf–klxnf b'nxL / a'xf/Lx?n] dfOtaf6 3/df sf];]nLkft

NofpFbf klg 8fnfs} k|of]u ul/GYof] . ;fgf] 8fnL vf]lsnfdf /fv]/ klg af]Sg]

rng 5 . k"hfcfhfdf klg 8fnf] k|of]u ug{] rng 5 . ljleGg nf]sg[Tox?df klg

8fnfsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . e08f/sf]7fdf cGgkft / cGo ;fdfgx? ;'/lIft /fVg klg

8fnfs} k|of]u ul/G5 . klxn]–klxn] 8fnfnfO{ cGg gfKg] ;fdfgsf ?kdf klg k|of]u

ul/GYof] . xfd|f k'vf{x?n] t 8fnfdf cfgf, ;'sL / df]xf]/ klg uGy] /] Û

8fnf] agfpg ljz]if >d, l;k / a'l4 rflxG5 . ufpF3/sf cg'ejL / l;kfn'

dflg;x?n] dfq 8fnf] agfpg ;S5g\ . cfhef]ln ;fdfg /fVg] Knfl:6s, 9nf]6,

kmnfd / cfNdf]lgodsf w]/} ;fdfgx? cfO;s]sf 5g\ . To;}n] lxhf]cfh ufpF3/df

klg 8fnfsf] lgs} sd dfqfdf k|of]u x'g yfn]sf] 5 . h] eP klg 8fnf] xfd|f

k'vf{sf] gf;f] xf] . To;}n] o;nfO{ hf]ufP/ /fVg' xfd|f] st{Jo xf] .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu n3'pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd

cGtu{t gu/kflnsfdf a;f]af; ug{] a]/f]huf/, cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg dlxnf, blnt,

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

clt l;dfGts[t, nf]kf]Gd'v / cNk;ª\Vos, ;lxb kl/jf/, Psn dlxnf / ckfËtf

ePsf o'jfx? ;zlQms/0fsf] cefjn] a]/f]huf/ / cfly{s?kn] ljkGg ePsf @)

jif{ k"/f eO{ $) jif{ ;Ddsf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?sf] nflu ljleGg tflndx? ;~rfng

ul//x]sf] 5 . To; lsl;dsf tflndx?df df]afO{n dd{t, lel8of]u|flkm, dG6]Zj/L

lzIf0f, l;nfO s6fO, Jo'6L kfn{/, 9fsf a'gfO, rKkn agfpg] tflnd, ;lkª Jofu,

Rofp v]tL, 8«fug v]tL, xfp; jfol/ª, 6fon dfa{n nufpg] tflnd, a+u'/ kfng,

xfF; s'v'/f kfng, afv|f kfng cflb /x]sf 5g\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 8f]sf] / 8fnf]sf] lrq jf j[Qlrq k|bz{g u/L kfn}kfnf]

kf7 k9\g nufpg'xf];\ .

• 8f]sf] / 8fnf] s;/L aGbf] /x]5 < kf7sf cfwf/df n]Vg'xf];\ / sIffdf

lzIfsnfO{ ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

• tkfO{Fsf] 3/df ePsf k/Dk/fut ;fdfgx?sf] ;"rL agfO{ sIffdf

;'gfpg'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

cEof;

!= pko'Qm cy{ 5fgL tnsf zAbx?sf] hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

lkl7pF tNnf] ;tx, k'5f/

lkFw z/L/sf] k5fl8sf] efu

lkgf tf]/L k]n]/ lg:s]sf] 5f]qmf

e08f/sf]7f Ps hftsf] dl;gf] afF;

lgufnf] efF8fs'F8f / cGg /fVg] sf]7f

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 13

@= pko'Qm zAb /fvL vfnL 7fpF eg'{xf];\ M

s_ xfd|f k'vf{x?n]=============sf] w]/} k|of]u uy{] .

v_ 8f]sfsf] dflyNnf] efunfO{===============elgG5 .

u_ 8fnfsf] ;fgf] ?knfO{============elgG5 .

3_ 8fnf] xfd|f ================sf] gf;f] xf] .

ª_ lkFw ePsf] / =============== u/L esf/L b'O{ lsl;dsf] x'G5 .

#= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

s_ s'gs'g sfddf 8f]sfsf] k|of]u ul/G5 <

v_ 8f]sf] a'Gg] sfdnfO{ lsg 7"nf] l;k dflgPsf] xf]nf<

u_ 8f]sf] / 8fnf]df s] km/s 5 <

3_ cfhef]ln ufpF3/df 8fnf] lsg x/fpFb} uPsf] xf]nf <

ª_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] pBdzLntfsf s] s:tf tflndx? ;~rfng

u/]sf] 5 <

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• tkfOF{sf] ufpFdf 8f]sf] / 8fnf] a'Gg] l;k ePsf sf]xL JolQm x'g'x'G5

xf]nf . ;Dej eP ;Dd ljBfnodf lgdGq0ff u/L 8f]sf] a'gfO{ ;DaGwL

l;k k|bz{gL ug{'xf];\ . ;f] gePdf b'gf 6k/L ufF:g] ;DaGwL l;k k|bz{gL

ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

$gftfuf]tf

cfh u'?cfdf sIffdf cfpg'eof] .

pxfFn] xfd|f cfkmGtx? larsf] gftf ;DaGw

/ pxfFx?;Fu af]Nbf k|of]u ul/g] lzi6rf/sf

zAbsf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpg'eof] .

5nkmnkl5 sIffdf /x]sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{

kfFr ;d"xdf afF8]/ k|To]s ;d"xsf

ljBfyL{nfO{ cfkm" / cfˆgf cfkmGtsf]

af/]df n]Vg ;fd"lxs sfo{ lbg'eof] .

s]xL ;dokl5 …/f/fÚ ;d"xsf ljBfyL{x?n]

cufl8 cfP/ cfˆgf] n]v o;/L k|:t't u/] .

cg'h M gd:sf/ Û d]/f] gfd cg'h s'df/ zfx xf] . d rf/ sIffdf k9\5' . d]/f]

3/df kfFr hgf ;b:o 5f}+ . d]/f] 3/df xh'/a'jf, xh'/cfdf klg x'g'x'G5 .

d}n] d]/f] afafsf] a'jfnfO{ xh'/a'jf eG5' / cfdfnfO{ xh'/cfdf eG5' .

pxfFx?n] dnfO{ Kof/f] gflt eg]/ dfof ug{'x'G5 . d]/f] cfb/0fLo afafn]

a}+sdf sfd ug{'x'G5 . d]/L ddtfdoL cfdf lzIfs x'g'x'G5 .

;'e]Iff M gd:sf/ Û d]/f] gfd ;'e]Iff 1jfnL xf] . d]/f] 3/df afafcfdf, sfsfsfsL,

bfO / d a:5f}+ . d}n] afafsf] efOnfO{ sfsf / pxfFsL >LdtLnfO{

sfsL eG5' . afafn] sfsfnfO{ efO / sfsLnfO{ a'xf/L eGg'x'G5 . d]/L

cfdfn] sfsfnfO{ b]j/ / sfsLnfO{ b]p/fgL eGg'x'G5 . d]/f sfsf–

sfsLn] Jofkf/ ug{'x'G5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 15

;'lj1f M gd:sf/ Û d]/f] gfd ;'lj1f sfsL{ xf] . d}n] d]/L cfdfsf] efOnfO{ dfdf

eG5' . pxfFsL >LdtLnfO{ dfOh" eG5' . pxfFx?n] dnfO{ Kof/L efGhL

eGg'x'G5 . d]/f] efOnfO{ efGhf eGg'x'G5 . d k|To]s bz}+df dfdf3/

hfG5' . pxfFx?n] dnfO{ 6Lsf nufP/ blIf0ff / cfzLjf{b lbg'x'G5 .

bLlIft M gd:sf/ Û d]/f] gfd bLlIft e§/fO{ xf] . d}n] d]/f] afafsf] lbbL /

alxgLnfO{ km'k" eG5' . km'k"sf] >LdfgnfO{ k';fh' eG5' . km'k"n] dnfO{

ebf eGg'x'G5 . d]/f cfb/0fLo km'k" k';fh' gf/fo0fu9df a:g'x'G5 .

;'hn M gd:sf/ Û d]/f] gfd ;'hn sfˆn] xf] . d]/L lbbLsf] 3/ lrtjgdf 5 .

lbbLsf] >LdfgnfO{ d legfh' eG5' . pxfFn] dnfO{ ;fnf eGg'x'G5 .

legfh'n] dnfO{ c;fWo} dfof ug{'x'G5 . legfh' xfd|f] 3/df cfpFbf

xfdLn] :jfut ub{5f}+ . pxfFn] xfdLnfO{ wGojfb eGg'x'G5 .

lbk]g M gd:sf/ Û d]/f] gfd lbk]g kf7s xf] . d]/L cfdfsL Kof/L alxgLnfO{ d}n]

;fgLdf eGb5' . d]/L ;fgLdfsf >Ldfg d]/f cfbf/0fLo ;fgf]afaf 8fS6/

x'g'x'G5 .

hLjg M gd:sf/ Û d]/f] gfd hLjg vfDrf xf] . d]/f] xh'/a'jfsf]

rf}/f;Ldf >4]o u'?x? cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFx?n] ;DdfggLo

/fi6«kltsf] sfdsf] 5nkmn ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

;'e]Iff M cfh d]/f] bfh'sf] ljBfnodf sfo{qmd lyof] . To; sfo{qmddf dfggLo

;f+;b klg cfpg'ePsf] /x]5 .

cf/f]xL M gd:sf/ Û d cf/f]xL clwsf/L x'F . d ;w}+ cfkm"eGbf 7"nf]nfO{ ;Ddfg

/ ;fgfnfO{ dfof u5'{ . To;}n] dnfO{ ;a}n] dfof ug'{x'G5 . xfdLn] xfd|f

cfkmGtnfO{ gftf ;DaGwcg';f/ lzi6 efiffdf s'/fsfgL ug'{k5{ .

;a} M xfdf] ;d"x sfo{ k"/f eof] . /f/f ;d"xsf] k|:t'lt ;lsPkl5 u'?cfdfn]

;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg'eof] . ;a}n] u'?cfdfnfO{ :jfutd\ eg] . ef]ln

csf]{ ltlnrf] ;d"xsf] k|:t'lt /xg] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} u'?cfdfn] cfhsf]

sIff ;dfkg ug'{eof] .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx?nfO{ gftf ;DaGwcg';f/

cfkmGtx?nfO{ k|of]u ul/g] lzi6rf/sf zAbx? atfOlbg'xf];\ .

• tkfO{Fsf cfkmGtx?sf] gfd, gftf / pxfFnfO{ k|of]u ul/g] lzi6frf/sf

zAbx? tflnsf agfP/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

!= ldNbf] zAb;Fu hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ .

ddtfdoL ;f+;b

>4]o cfdf

dfggLo u'?

cfb/0fLo 5f]/L

Kof/L afaf

@= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNn] zAb eg'{xf];\ .

s_ efGhL ============= z'ecfzLjf{b Û -Kof/f], Kof/L_

v_ bz}+df 7"nfn] ;fgfnfO{ ============= -ufnL, cfzLjf{b_ lbg'x'G5 .

u_ sfo{qmddf ============= -dfggLo , ddtfdoL _ ;f+;bsf] cfpg' eof] .

#= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

s_ tkfO{sf] kl/jf/df slt hgf ;b:o x'g'x'G5 <

v_ tkfO{sL cfdfsf efOnfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 <

u_ tkfO{sf] dfdf3/df sf] sf] x'g'x'G5 <

3_ lbbLsf >LdfgnfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 <

cEof;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

:yfgLo ko{6g

PsfO–#

• d]/f] v}/xgL gu/

• ko{6ssf] ;Tsf/

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

%d]/f] v}/xgL gu/

ko{6s b]ptf xfd|f k]zf ko{6g

v';L kf/f}F xfdLn] kfx'gfsf] dg .

b]z ljb]zaf6 cfpF5g\ ko{6s w]/}

dnfO{ t Kof/f] nfU5 gu/ of] d]/} .

k9f}F n]vf}F :jfjnDaL x'g] af6f] ;dfpmF

b]znfO{ dfof u/f}F oxL df6f]df /dfpmF .

k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf ;+:s[ltsf] vfgL

cfxf Û slt ;'Gb/ gu/ xfd|f] v}/xgL .

b/fO{ af]6] tfn 3'df}F 8'Ëf dfly r9L

af; a:g xf]d:6] 5g, nh y/L y/L .

s'd/f]hdf af3 u}+8f do"/sf x'n

l;d;f/ slt slt kfgLsf 5g\ d"n .

P]ltxfl;s gu/L xf] k|frLg ynf]

s+sfnL dftfn] ul5{g\ ;asf] enf] .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 19

!= l7s a]l7s 5'6\ofpg'xf];\

s_ b]z ljb]zaf6 3'Dg cfpg] kfx'gfnfO{ ko{6s elgG5 .

v_ ko{6snfO{ ;]jf lbg] Joj;fo ko{6g Joj;fo xf]Og .

u_ xfdLn] xfd|f] hGde"ldnfO{ dfof ug{'k5{ .

3_ xfdL :jfjnDaL aGg'k5{ .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

s_ v}/xgL gu/ s:tf] 5 <

v_ s'd/f]h jgdf s] s] b]Vg kfOG5 <

u_ xfdLn] s;sf] dg v';L kfg{'k5{ <

3_ xfdLn] s;nfO{ dfof ug{'k5{ <

#= cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sf] 7fpFsf] af/]df 5f]6f] uLt jf sljtf n]Vg'xf];\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx?nfO{ ko{6gsf] dxTj emNsg] s'g}

kfFr j6f a'Fbf n]vL sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .

• efOalxgLx? tkfO{+sf] ufpFdf s'g s'g ko{6sLo :ynx? 5g\ < 5nkmn

ug{'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

cEof;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

s'g} lglZrt p2]Zo af]s]/

s'g} klg dflg; @$ 306f eGbf a9L

;dosf] nflu Ps 7fFpaf6 csf]{

7fFpdf cfuGt'ssf] ?kdf hfG5 jf

ofqf u5{ eg] To;nfO{ ko{6s

elgG5 . ko{6sx? b]zleqsf

jf b]z aflx/sf hf] sf]xL klg

x'g ;S5g\ . cfˆg} b]z leqsf

ko{6snfO{ cfGtl/s ko{6s elgG5 eg] ljb]zL ko{6snfO{ afXo ko{6s elgG5 .

ko{6sx? cf–cfˆgf] p2]Zon] Ps 7fFpaf6 csf]{ 7fFpdf uPsf x'G5g\ . h:t}M

dgf]/~hgsf nflu, cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu, dfgl;s cfgGbsf nflu cflb .

g]kfndf klg ko{6g pBf]usf] ?kdf ljsf; x'b} uO/x]sf] 5 . ;+;f/sf ljsl;t

b]zx?df cfd ?kdf dflg;x?n] ;fnsf] s]xL ;do clgjfo{ ?kn] ko{6sLo

sfo{df vr{ ug]{ ub{5g\ . o;} l;nl;ndf g]kfndf klg k|To]s jif{ 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf

ljb]zL ko{6sx? cfpg] ub{5g\ .g]kfndf ko{6s cfpg] s'/f cfkm}df :jfut of]Uo

/x]sf] kfOG5 .

xfd|f] v}/xgL If]qdf ljz]if u/L kof{j/0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg tyf

jGohGt' x]g{ ko{6sx? cfpF5g\ . xfd|f] b}lgs /xg;xg, wd{, ;+:s[ltn] klg ko{6sLo

ultljlwdf k|efj kf5{ . o; kflnsfsf] glhs} /x]sf] s7f/ / s'd/f]h b/} /

yf? ;+:s[ltsf] cjnf]sg ug]{ s]G› xf] . oxfF 3'Dg cfpg] ko{6sx?n] k/Dk/fut

;+:s[lt, v]tLkftLsf] k/Dk/fut cEof; ;d]t cjnf]sg ug]{ df}sf kfpF5g\ . xfd|f]

s[lif k|0ffnLdf pkof]u x'g] s'6f], sf]bfnf], xnf], h'jf cflb k/Dk/fut k|ljlwdf

ko{6ssf] ;Tsf/

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 21

ag]sf ;fdu|Lx?n] klg xfd|f] klxrfg lbG5g\ . o;sf ;fy} hfFtf], l9sL, v'k]{6f],

cf]vn, sf]n, 9lsof, w]d/L, sf]OgL, hfn, hfaL cflb :yfgLo k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t

;fdu|Lx?n] klg ko{6g Joa;fodf ;xof]u ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf]

j8f g+= !) / !@ df yf? xf]d:6] / b/} xf]d:6] /x]sf 5g\ . la:tf/} o; gu/kflnsfdf

u'?ª / du/ ;fy} cGo hfltsf] klg xf]d:6] ;~rfng x'g yfn]sf] kfOG5 .

s'g} :yfgdf s;}nfO{ e]6\g cfPsf] JolQm g} kfx'gf x'g\ . xfd|f] ;dfhdf

kfx'gfnfO{ eujfg dflgG5 / elgG5 …cltly b]jf] ejMÚ . cltlyF+u af]Nbf xf];\

k'¥ofP/ af]Ng'k5{ . af]Nbf tkfOF{, xh'/, xj;\ h:tf zAb k|of]u ug{'k5{ . cfGtl/s /

afXo ko{6s 3'Dg cfFpbf logLx?nfO{ xfdLx?n] gdg, bz{g, gd:sf/, :jfut / b'O{

xft hf]8]/ km"n u'R5f ;fy} dfnf klx/fO lbP/ cfˆgf] 3/df /fVg] ub{5f} . ;a};Fu

e]63f6,Ps csf{;Fu kl/ro, Ps cfk;df 3'nldn u/fpg' k5{ . lrof jf kfgLaf6

kfx'gfnfO{ ;Tsf/ ug{'k5{ . oL ko{6s xfd|f cltly x'g\, logLx?nfO{ :jfut ug{' xfd|f]

st{Jo xf] . ;'?df cfpFbf km"nx?sf] dfnf, u'R5f / 6Lsf nufP/ cfTdLo efj

;f6;f6 u/L cltlynfO{ ;Tsf/ ug]{ cf–cfˆgf] ;+:s[lt /x]sf] kfOG5 . cem} yf?

;d'bfodf t nf]6fdf kfgL lbP/ rs6L jf u'G›Ldf cltlynfO{ /fVg] rng /x]sf]

kfOG5 .

g]kfn ljljw hfthflt, e]ife"iff / /xg;xg ePsf] d'n's xf] . cfˆgf]

;+:s[ltcg';f/ vfg], gfRg], 3'Dg] / /dfOnf] ug]{ ;fy} labfO x'Fbf l6sf, dfnf / vfbf

nufO lbP/ ljbfOsf] xft xNnfpFb} km]l/ e]6f}Fnf, tkfO{F;Fusf] e]6 clj:d/0fLo /Xof],

xh'/;Fusf] e]6 ofbu/ /Xof], km]l/ gd/] afFr] kSs} e]6 x'g] 5 cflb lzi6 zAbaf6

labfO sfo{qmd ;DkGg x'G5 .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• tkfO{ cfkm" a;f]af; ug]{ If]q j/k/ cltlynfO{ :jfut tyf labfO

ug]{ tl/sf atfO lbg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

s_ tnsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .

!= ko{6s eg]sf] s] xf] <

@= kfx'gf eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <

#= b/} xf]d :6] s'g j8fdf kb{5 <

$= g]kfn s:tf] d'n's xf]<

%= cltlynfO{ labfO ug]{ s'g} Pp6f tl/sf n]Vg'xf];\ .

v_ tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .

!= afXo / cfGtl/s ko{6s lar km/s 5'§ofpg'xf];\ .

@= cltlynfO{ s;/L :jfut ug]{ ul/G5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .

#= cltlynfO{ s;/L labfO ug]{ ul/G5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .

$= xfd|f] ;+:sf/df lsg ‘cltly b]jf] ej’ elgG5 < sf/0f n]Vg'xf];\ .

cEof;

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• kfx'gfnfO{ :jfut / labfOsf ;DaGwdf e"ldsf lgjf{x ljlw dfkm{t

sIff sf]7fdf clegosf] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .

• cltly ;Tsf/ ug]{ lel8of] jf lrq, kf]:6/ sIffdf k|b{zg ug{'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 23

:yfgLo s[lif Joj;fo

PsfO–$

• v}/xgLsf h8La'6L

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

!= 3f]8tfk|]

v}/xgLsf h'g;'s} :yfgdf

kfOg] h8La'6LdWo] 3f]8tfk|] klg Ps

xf] . ;+:s[t efiffdf o;nfO{ d08"sk0fL{

jf a|fXdL elgG5 . cª\u|]hL efiffdf

o;nfO{ k]gLj6{ -Pennywort_

elgG5 . 3f]8fsf] 6fk -6]Sg] efu jf

v'/_ h:tf] x'g] x'gfn] o;nfO{ 3f]8tfk|]

elgG5 . 3f]8tfk|] jiff{ofddf hxfFtxLF kfOG5 . of] rf/ OGrhlt cUnf] x'G5 . o;sf]

cfFVnf cfFVnfaf6 h/f lg:sg] u5{ . o;sf] kft xl/of] x'G5 . o;sf] :jfb ltR5/f]

x'G5 . of] Ps k|sf/sf] emf/ xf] .

dxŒj / k|of]u M

3f]8tfk|] cToGt nfesf/L h8La'6L xf] . o;n] ljleGg /f]ux? lgsf] kf5{ .

o;n] hg}vl6/f]df clt l56f] nfe k'¥ofpF5 . o;sf] lgoldt ;]jgn] :d/0fzlQm

a9fpF5 . ?3fvf]sL nfUbf o;nfO{ lkg]/ ;]jg ug{ ;lsG5 . dfgl;s /f]usf]

pkrf/df of] ;a}eGbf pTs[i6 jg:klt xf] . o;sf] k|of]un] pRr /Qmrfk, x[bo/f]u,

/ut ;kmf ug{], 5fnfsf /f]ux?, g;f;DaGwL /f]u, o'l/s Pl;8df kmfObf k'¥ofpF5 .

o;n] lk;fa kf]Ng] tyf lduf{}nfsf] kTy/Ldf t'?Gt nfe u5{ . o;sf] tfhf /;

jf sfFrf] emf/n] dl:tisdf zLtntf k|bfg u5{ . o;n] lkQ / udL{ x6fpF5, ;a}

lsl;dsf /Qmljsf/x?nfO{ x6fpF5, kfrgzlQm a9fpF5 .

*v}/xgLsf h8La'6Lx?

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 25

3f]8tfk|] :j:y JolQmn] klg k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5 . o;sf] cf7÷bzcf]6f kft

/ s]xL h/fnfO{ /fd|f];Fu kvfn]/ Ps};fy ;]jg ug{ ;lsG5 . vfgf vfO;s]kl5

lbgsf] tLg k6s;Dd o;sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;nfO{ ;'sfP/ w'nf] agfO{ klg

k|of]u ul/G5 .

@= l;:g'

v}/xgLsf ;a} :yfgx?df l;:gf]

kfOG5 . cª\u|]hL efiffdf o;nfO{

Common nettle elgG5 . o;df x'g]

/f}Fh:tf] em';sf sf/0f kf]Ng] u5{ .

v}/xgLdf kfOg] l;:g'sf] af]6

sl/a cf7 km'6hlt cUnf] x'G5 . of]

af6fsf] 5]p5fp, v]taf/Lsf] l8n,

jghª\un tyf kfvfkv]/f hxfF klg

kfOG5 . of] ebf} dlxgflt/ km'N5 .

dxŒj / k|of]u M

l;:g'sf] d"n h/f, kft, d'G6f / km"nnfO{ sfFr} lkFw]/ b}lgs ?kdf lkpg

;lsG5 . o;sf] tfhf kft, km"n / d'G6fnfO{ t/sf/Lsf ?kdf ksfO{ vfg ;lsG5 .

o;sf] k|of]un] dw'd]x, /Qmrfk, /QmcNktf, sDfhf]/L, lk;fa tyf k]6;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{

/f]ux?df /fd|f] kmfObf k'¥ofpF5 . of] ue{jtL tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx?sf nflu clt

pQd x'G5 . o;sf] k|of]un] z/L/sf ljleGg PnhL{x?nfO{ lgsf] agfpF5 . o;n]

cfFvf tyf 5fnfnfO{ ;'Gb/ /fVb5 .

l;:g'df cg]s cf}ifwLo u'0fx? kfOG5g\ . t;y{ o;sf] Jofj;flos v]tL u/L

xfdL cfly{s ?kdf ;d[4 aGg ;S5f}F . o:tf h8La'6Lsf] k|of]u u/]/ xfdLn] xfd|f]

efG;fnfO{ klg :j:ys/ agfpg ;lsG5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

• z/L/df ;d:of ePsf] avt s'g s'g hl8a'6L k|of]u ug{' x'G5 ;f]lw 3/df

x'g' ePsf] xh'/a'af xh'/cfdfnfO{ ;f]w]/ Pp6f tflnsf tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 3f]8tfk|] / l;:g' h:t} cGo h8La'6Lsf af/]df hfgsf/L

u/fpg'xf];\ . o;sf nflu o'6\o'a jf u'undf ePsf ;fdu|Lx? k|of]u ug{'xf];\ .

• 3f]8tfk|]nfO{ 3/d} udnfdf / l;:g'nfO{ s/];faf/Lsf] 5]pdf nufpg ;lsG5 .

ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfˆgf] 3/df oL lrhx? nufpg k|]l/t ug{'xf];\ .

cEof;

!= tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf pko'Qm zAbx¿ eg'{xf];\ M

s_ 3f]8tfk|]nfO{ ;+:s[t efiffdf ============================== elgG5 .

v_ 3f]8tfk|] Ps k|sf/sf] ============================== xf] .

u_ =================== kfSof] =============== gfRof] eGg] pvfg} 5 .

3_ l;:g'sf] kftdf 5'Fbf ============================== x'G5 .

ª_ ufpF3/df o;nfO{ ============================== klg eGb5g\ .

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

s_ l;:g'sf] k|of]uaf6 lgsf] x'g] /f]ux?sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .

v_ l;:g'sf] v]tL s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

u_ 3f]8tfk]|sf] kl/ro lbg'xf];\ .

3_ 3f]8tfk]|sf]] k|of]u s]–s:tf /f]ux?df ul/G5 <

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 27

:yfgLo k];f, Joj;fo / k|ljlw

PsfO–%

• :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{

• k|sfi7 la?jf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

(

Kof/f] efO,

ltdLn] kl5Nnf] kqdf :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] af/]df k|Zg ;f]w]sf lyof} .

cfh d o;} kq dfkm{t v}/xgLdf /x]sf ljleGg pBf]usf nflu rflxg] sRrf

kbfy{sf af/]df atfpg uO/x]sL 5' .

g]kfn s[lif k|wfg b]z xf] . v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] klg cfly{s pGgtLdf

s[lif If]qsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] afl;Gbfx?sf] k|d'v cfocfh{gsf]

;|f]t s[lif k];f g} /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf clwsf+z pBf]ux? s[lifdf cfwfl/t /x]sf]

kfOG5 . afnLgfnL nufpg' / v]tLkftL ug{' s[lif Joj;fosf] d'Vo lqmofsnfkx?

x'g\ . sRrf kbfy{ tL cfwf/e"t ;fdu|LnfO{ elgG5 h'g ljleGg lzNkdf pTkfbgsf]

:yfgLo sRrf kbfy{

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 29

sfdsf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu lrgL ldnsf] nflu pv', sk8f

pBf]usf nflu skf;, sfuhsf nflu afF; cflb rflxG5 . s[lif / pBf]u Ps

csf{ kl/k"/s x'g\ . s[lif /fd|f] eof] eg] pBf]u /fd|f] x'G5 . pBf]u /fd|f] eof] eg] aNn

s[lif /fd|f] x'G5 . pBf]un] sRrf kbfy{ k|zf]wg u/L pkef]usf nflu of]Uo ;fdfg

agfpF5 . sRrf kbfy{ k|zf]wgsf nflu snsf/sfgf vf]lnPsf x'G5g\ . pBf]un]

ljleGg j:t'x? pTkfbg ub{5g\ . o; v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf ljleGg k|sf/sf

pBf]ux? /x]sf 5g\ . oL pBf]un] k|ToIf ck|ToIf dfqdf /f]huf/L lbPsf] kfOG5 .

o; gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= ! b]lv ( df 7"nf] 7"nf] pBf]ux? ;~rfng /x]sf] ;fy}

c? j8fdf ;fgf 7"nf snsf/vfgf /x]sf 5g\ .

efO, d}n] ltdLnfO{ :yfgLo :t/df ;~rflnt pBf]ux?df k|of]u x'g] s[lifhGo

/ cGo sRrfkbfy{sf] ;"lr af/] atfpg uO/x]sf] 5' . kmlg{r/ pBf]usf nflu sf7,

ldn pBf]usf nflu wfg, ds}, tf]/L bfgf pBf]usf nflu e6df;, lkgf, df5f lj:s'6

pBf]usf nflu d}bf, cf6f, lrgL 8]/L pBf]usf nflu b'w, 8f]/L gfDnf] pBf]usf nflu

afF;, Ans pBf]usf nflu lu6L, afn'jf, l;d]G6 cflb cfjZos kb{5 .

:yfgLo sRrf kbfy{nfO{ Jojl:yt / pTkfbgd'vL agfpg ;lsof] eg] dfq

cfly{s ?kdf nfe lng ;lsG5 . d}n] oxfF :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf kmfObfx?nfO{

a'Fbfut ?kdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5' .

• /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ldN5 .

• pkef]Uo ;fdu|L ;xh} ?kdf pknAw x'G5g\ .

• gofF gofF k|ljlwsf] cfbgfk|bfg / k|of]u x'G5 .

• b]z / hgtfsf] cfo;|f]tdf j[l4 x'G5 .

• :yfgLo pTkfbgn] ahf/ kfp5Fg\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

efO, v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf af6]sf] w"k, l;Gs] w"k, h8La'6L pBf]u, wfg,

ds}, tf]/L ldn, b'Uw 8]/L nufotsf pBf]usf nflu cfjZos kg{] sRrf kbfy{x?

k|z:t} /x]sf 5g\ . kmlg{r/ pBf]usf nflu sf7, ldn pBf]usf nflu wfg, ds}, tf]/L,

bfgf pBf]usf nflu e6df;, lkgf, df5f, lj:s'6 pBf]usf nflu d}bf, cfF6f, 8]/L

pBf]usf nflu b"w, 8f]sf] gfDnf] pBf]usf nflu afF;, Ans pBf]usf nflu lu6L,

afn'jf, l;d]G6 cflb o; gu/kflnsfdf k|;:t} pknAw 5g\ . logsf] pkof]u u/]/

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;d[4 agfpg ;lsG5 .

kq nfdf] ePsfn] cfhnfO{ olts}df snd aGb ug{ rfxG5' . c? s'g}

ljifodf hfgsf/L lng rfx]df ltd|f] lh1f;fnfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{ k|of; ug]{ 5' .

ltd|f] Kof/L lbbL

xl;gf dxtf]

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, cfˆgf] If]qdf /x]sf :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] af/]df

j[tlrq k|b{zg ug{'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

• :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] af/]df sIffdf ;fyLx?;Fu 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 31

s_ tnsf k|Zgx?sf] clt 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .

!= sRrf kbfy{ eg]sf] s] xf] <

@= g]kfnsf slt k|ltzt dflg;x? s[lifdf k]zfdf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ <

#= s:tf vfnsf pBf]unfO{ s:tf sRrf kbfy{ rflxG5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .

$= v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf snsf/vfgfsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

%= tkfO{sf] If]qdf /x]sf] s'g} Pp6f pBf]usf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

v_ tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf pknAw :yfgLo ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]uaf6 s] s] kmfObf ePsf

5 . n]Vg'xf];\ .

cEof;

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• cfˆgf] If]qdf /x]sf] s'g} Ps snsf/vfgfsf] cjnf]sg u/L txfF pBf]un]

k|of]u ug{] sRrf kbfy{sf] af/]df k|ltj]bg tof/L ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

!) k|sfi7 la?jf

ljho >]i7n] v}/xgL $ df

/x]sf] cfwf/e"t ljBfno, s'gf3f/Lsf]

kfFr sIffdf ;fdflhs cWoog

tyf dfgj d"No lzIff k9fpg'x'G5 .

pxfFsf] sIffdf @) hgf ljBfyL{x?

5g\ . ljho u'?n] ;a} ljBfyL{x?nfO{

c;n Jojxf/ ug{'x'G5 . To;}n] pxfF

cfˆgf ljBfyL{x?sf lar lk|o x'g'x'G5 .

cfh ljho u'?n] xftdf ljleGg lsl;dsf rf6{ k]k/x? lnP/ cfpg'ePsf]

5 . xfdLn] pxfFnfO{ ;w}Fem}F clejfbg u5f}{F . pxfFn] rf6{ k]k/nfO{ ;]tf]kf6Ldf

6fF:g'x'G5 . zLif{s 5 –

v}/xgLsf k|sfi7 la?jfx¿

ljho u'? M gfgLafa'x? Û cfh d tkfO{+x?nfO{ …v}/xgLsf k|sfi7

la?jfx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFb} 5' .

bLkf M u'? of] …k|sfi7Ú zAbsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOlbg'xf];\ g .

ljho u'? M cf]xf] Û bLkf, tkfO{Fn] c;fWo} ;fGble{s k|Zg ;f]Wg'eof] . jf:tjdf

d}n] klg o;}sf af/]df s]xL eGg vf]lh/x]sf] lyPF . …k|sfi7Ú zAbsf]

cy{ …sf7Ú eGg] x'G5 . …k|sfi7 la?jfÚ eGgfn] h'g la?jfaf6

sf7 pTkfbg x'G5, To;nfO{ a'lemG5 . sf7af6 ljleGg lsl;dsf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 33

;fdu|Lx? lgdf{0f ul/G5 . s]tkfO{+n] cfˆgf] 3/ glhs} kfOg] k|sfi7

la?jfsf gfd eGg ;Sg'x'G5 bLkf <

bLkf M ;a} t g;s"Fnf t/ d}n] hfg] hlt eGg] k|of; u5{' x} u'? . d]/f]

3/ j/k/ ePsf k|sfi7 la?jfx?dWo] ;fn, l;;f}, vo/, l;dn,

hfd'gf], 6'gL km8Lj/, lrnfpg], afF;, lgufnf] cflb /x]sf 5g\ .

ljZjf; M u'? Û d]/f] 3/ glhs} vlgpF, a8x/sf ?vx? 5g\, logLx? k|sfi7

la?jf x'g\ <

ljho u'? M ljZjf;, tkfO{FnfO{ k|Zgsf nflu wGojfb . s] tkfO{+n] eGg'ePsf

?vx? sf6]/ To;af6 s]xL j:t'x? h:t}M ‰ofn, 9f]sf, kmlg{r/

cflb lgdf{0f u/]sf] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <

ljZjf; M 5}g u'?, d}n] t 3fF;sf] ?kdf ufO{j:t'nfO{ v'jfPsf] b]v]sf] 5' .

xl/ M u'? Û a/, lkkn, zdL / cfFk klg k|sfi7 la?jf dfGg ;lsG5 <

ljho u'? M n ;'Gg'xf];\ x}, j/, lkkn / zdLnfO{ lgdf{0f sfo{df k|of]u ul/Fb}g .

xfd|f] wd{cg';f/ j/, lkkn / zdLnfO{ kljq j[If dflgG5 . lxhf]cfh

cfFksf ?vnfO{ eg] ljleGg lsl;dsf kmlg{r/x? agfpg k|of]u

ul/G5 .

hLjg M eg]kl5 ;a} la?jfx? k|sfi7 x'Fb}gg\ x} u'? <

ljho u'? M xf], tkfO{Fn] l7s eGg'eof] hLjg . xfdLn] b]v]sf hlt ;a}

la?jfx? k|sfi7 x'Fb}gg\ . k|sfi7 x'gsf nflu alnof] / nfdf]

;do;Dd l6Sg] x'g'k5{ . v}/xgLsf k|sfi7 la?jfx?dWo] oxfFsf]

xf]rf] e"efudf kfOg]x? ;fn, l;;f}, vo/, l;dn, afF;, cfFk cflb

d'Vo 5g\ . oL ?vx?af6 3/ agfpgsf nflu rflxg] sf7sf ;fy}

kmlg{r/x? agfOG5g\ . ljBfnosf nflu 8]:s, a]Gr, 6]an, s';L{

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

klg o:t} sf7x?af6 agfOG5g\ . 3/sf nflu cfjZos ‰ofn,

9f]sf, rf}sf];, vf6, knª, b/fh klg k|sfi7 la?jfs} sf7af6

agfOG5g\ .

;'dg M u'? oL la?jfx? t xfd|f nflu clt dxŒjk"0f{ /x]5g\ . xfdL logsf]

;+/If0f / k|of]u b'j} ug{'k5{ xlu <

ljho u'? M s:tf] /fd|f] ljrf/ ;'dgsf] . xf], xfdLn] Psflt/ k|sfi7 la?jfx?sf]

k|of]u ug{'k5{ eg] csf{lt/ o;sf] plrt ;+/If0f klg ug{'k5{, o;f]

ul/of] eg] dfq oL la?jfx? nf]k x'Fb}gg\ . la?jf sf6L dfq /xg]

t/ g/f]Kg] ul/of] eg] t s]xL jif{d} nf]k x'g a]/ nfUb}g . To;}n] t

elgG5 – æPp6f ?v sf6Ù rf/cf]6f la?jf /f]k .Æ

nf} t afa'gfgLx? Û cfhsf] sIffdf ga'em]sf s'/fx?sf] ;"rL agfP/ Nofpg

ge'Ng'xf];\ x} .

-3G6L nfU5 ._

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf kfOg] k|sfi7

la?jfsf] lrq;lxt sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ / To;af6 lgld{t ;fdu|Lx?sf]

ljj/0f pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

• tkfO{Fsf] ufpF÷6f]n glhs} /x]sf] hª\undf s] s:tf k|sfi7 la?jfx?

5g\ < ltgsf] ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 35

cEof;

!= tnsf jfSox¿df l7s 7fpFdf pko'St zAb 5fg]/ eg{'xf];\ M

s_ k|sfi7 eg]sf] ================ xf] . -kmnfd÷sf7_

v_ vlgpF, a8x/ ================ xf]Og . -k|sfi7÷8fn]3fF;_

u_ j/, lkkn / zdLnfO{ ================ j[If dflgG5 . -b'n{e÷kljq_

3_ xfdLn] k|sfi7 la?jfx? hyfefjL =============================.

-sf6\g' x'Fb}g÷sf6\g' k5{_

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

s_ ljho >]i7 sxfFsf] / s'g ljBfnodf k9fpg'x'G5 <

v_ ljho u'?nfO{ ljBfyL{x?n] lsg dg k/fpF5g\ <

u_ k|sfi7 la?jf eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <

3_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf k|sfi7 la?jfsf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .

ª_ xfdLn] lsg k|sfi7 la?jfsf] ;+/If0f ug{'k5{ <

#= cy{ ;lxt n]Vg'xf];\ M

To;}n] t elgG5 – …rf/cf]6f la?jf /f]k clg dfq Pp6f ?v sf6 .Ú

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• ljBfno j/k/ :ynut e|d0f u/L kfOg] k|sfi7 la?jfx?sf] ;"rL tof/

ug{'xf];\ / To;af6 lgld{t ljleGg j:t'x?sf] lrq ;ª\sng u/L sIffdf

6fF:g'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

:yfgLo k|fs[lts ;Dkbf

PsfO–^

• v}/xgLsf l;d;f/ If]q

• ;fd'bflos jg

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 37

nIdL ;fyL;Fu ahf/ hfFb} x'g'x'gYof] . af6fdf pxfFsf] e]6 /fd axfb'/

sfsf;Fu eof] . pxfFx? lar ePsf] s'/fsfgL o; k|sf/ 5 M

nIdL M sfsf gd:sf/ Û stf lx8\g' eof] lg <

sfsf M gd:sf/ gfgL Û d s'd/f]h ;fd'bflos jgdf /x]sf] b/} af]6] tfndf

l;d;f/ If]q x]g{ hfFp ls eg]/ lx8]sf] Û

nIdL M d}n] tfn, gbL, vf]nf cflbsf] af/]df t ;'g]sf] lyPF t/ l;d;f/sf] af/]df

t cfh;Dd ;'g]sf] lyOg . l;d;f/ eg]sf] s] xf] lg sfsf <

sfsf M n ;'g gfgL Û w]/} h;f] cjlw kfgLn] 8'a]sf] tyf bnbn / wfkn]

el/Psf] If]qnfO{ l;d;f/ elgG5 .

nIdL M sfsf Û xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfleq klg l;d;f/ If]qx? 5g\ <

atfOlbg'x'G5 ls Û

sfsf M v}/xgL gu/leq y'k|} l;d;f/ If]q /x]sf 5g\ . /fKtL gbL, b/} af]6] tfn,

nfdL tfn, u}8fxf tfn, lr;f] kfgL If]q, a"9L /fKtL vf]nf, 9'+u|] vf]nf,

v}/xgLsf l;d;f/ If]q

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

kDkmf vf]nf, nb/L vf]nf, so/ vf]nf, OrgL{ vf]nf cflb x'g\ .

nIdL M sfsf Û l;d;f/ If]qsf] dxŒj s] 5 lg <

sfsf M l;d;f/ eGgf;fy kfgLsf] pkl:ylt eGg] a'lemG5 . l;d;f/ If]qsf] ;DaGw

cflbaf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf] P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs

Pjd\ eflifs cflb;Fu /x]sf] kfOG5 . :yfgLo tfkdfg / hnrqmnfO{

;Gt'ng /fVg, hLjhGt'nfO{ jf;:yfg k|bfg ug{, kfl/:ylts k|0ffnLsf]

;Gt'ng sfod /fVg, ko{6g / dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug{sf nflu, wfld{s tyf

;f+:s[lts pkof]lutf cflbsf nflu klg o;sf] dxŒj /x]sf] 5 .

nIdL M cf]xf] sfsf Û o;nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ s] ug{ ;lsG5 < atfOlbg'x'G5 ls<

sfsf M kfgL hLjgsf] cfwf/ xf] . kfgLn] sl/a &! k|ltzt efu cf]u6]sf]

5 . l;d;f/ If]qnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ hgr]tgf km}nfpg], hyfefjL tl/sfn]

afn'jf, lu§L, 9'+uf glgsfNg], l;d;f/ If]q df;]/ 3/ gagfpg], ;/;kmfOdf

Wofg lbg], kfgLsf d'xfg jl/kl/ j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ ug{'k5{ .

nIdL M sfsf, xh'/n] dnfO{ l;d;f/ If]qsf] af/]df w]/} hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .

xh'/nfO{ w]/} w]/} wGojfb Û

sfsf M ltdLx? t emg of] ;dfhsf] c;n ljBfyL{sf gftfn] o;sf] af/]df a'‰g]

/ c¿nfO{ klg atfOlbg'k5{ lg Û

nIdL M eOxfN5 lg sfsf Û o;sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf]df v';L nfUof] .

sfsf M ltdLnfO{ klg wGojfb Û

-pgLx? cf–cfˆgf] af6f] nfU5g\ _

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 39

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

• sfsf / nIdL lar ePsf] s'/fsfgLnfO{ sIffdf Ps hgf sfsf / Ps hgf

nIdL eP/ clego ug{'xf];\ .

• l;d;f/ If]qsf] dxŒjsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ l;d;f/ If]q / o;sf] dxŒjaf/] lel8of]

;fdu|L k|bz{g ug{'xf];\ .

!= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

s_ l;d;f/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

v_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsf leqsf l;d;f/ If]qsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

u_ l;d;f/ If]qsf] dxŒj n]Vg'xf];\ .

3_ l;d;f/ If]qsf] ;+/If0fsf pkfox? n]Vg'xf];\ .

cEof;

kl/of]hgf sfo{kl/of]hgf sfo{

• tkfO{Fsf] If]qdf /x]sf] l;d;f/ If]qsf] cjnf]sg u/L ;f] sf] ljj/0f

sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

o; slkof dfWolds ljBfno v}/xgL –!@, lrtjgsf kfFr sIffdf k9\g]

ljBfyL{x? lzIfs;Fu} glhs} /x]sf] s'd/f]h ;fd'bflos jgdf cjl:yt b/} af]6]

tfnsf] cjnf]sg e|d0fdf 3'Dg uP . cjnf]sg ug]{ qmddf o; jgsf pkfWoIf;Fu

pgLx? ljr ePsf] cfk;L s'/fsfgL o; k|sf/ 5 .

;lg; M cfxf Û oxfF t slt /fd|f hLjhgfj/x?sf lrq /flvPsf] /x]5 <

lzIfs M /fd|f] t x'g} k¥of] lg Û of] t ;a} hgf x]g{ cfpg] 7fFp xf] lg Û

-lzIfs / ;a} ljBfyL{x?n] ;fd'bflos jgsf pkfWoIfnfO{ gd:sf/

u/]kl5 cfk;L s'/fsfgL x'G5_

lnhf M of] ;'Gb/ / k|fs[lts b[Zon] el/Psf] b[Zo b/} af]6] tfn s'g ;fd'bflos

jgdf kb{5 <

pkfWoIf M of] tfn s'd/f]h ;fd'bflos jgdf kb{5 .

!@ ;fd'bflos jg

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 41

;lg; M pkfWoIfHo" Û ;fd'bflos jg eg]sf] s] xf] lg <

pkfWoIf M ;fd"lxs lxtsf] nflu jgsf] ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g / ;b'kof]u ug]{ u/L

ljlwjt\ ?kdf ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] jg g} ;fd'bflos jg

xf] . of] ;d'bfosf] ;DklQ xf] .

lnhf M xfd|f] v}/xgLdf slt j6f ;fd'bflos jg /x]sf 5g\ <

pkfWoIf M n ;'g Û xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf hDdf & j6f ;fd'bflos jg

/x]sf 5g\ .

;lg; M xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf ;fd'bflos jg s'g s'g /x]sf 5g\ <

pkfWoIf M xfd|f] v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf rf/j6f jg dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg;Fu

;DalGwt 5g\ eg] b'O{ j6f pQ/L r'/] dxfef/t v08df kb{5 . h;df

s'd/f]h dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, /fKtL nf]s sNof0f

dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, s'rs'r] dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos

jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, s07]Zj/L dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

b]jLyfg dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, s+sfnL ;fd'bflos

jg, clhË/] ;fd'bflos jg /x]sf 5g\ . ;fljs r}gk'/ uf=lj=;=df

b'O{ j6f ;fd'bflos jg, ;fljs s7f/ uf=lj=;=df rf/ j6f / ;fljs

s'd/f]h uf=lj=;=df Psj6f ;fd'bflos jg /x]sf] 5 .

l/of M oL ;fd'bflos jgx?df s:tf s:tf hLjhgfj/x? kfOG5 lg

pkfWoIf Ho" <

pkfWoIf M oL kfFr j6f dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jgn] blIf0fdf /x]sf] lrtjg /fli6o

lgs'~hnfO{ 5f]Psf] 5 . of] jgdf g]kfnsf] b'n{e Ps l;Ë] u}+8f,

xfQL, af3, efn', lrQn, d[u, h/fof], xl/0f, lgn ufO{ cflb kfpg'sf]

;fy} do'/, 9's'/, jg s'v'/f, sf]OnL, v/ do'/, sfu, as'Nnf, xfF;

cflb kfOG5 . o; jgdf l;dn, vo/, k6\s], sfnL sf7, e]Nn/,

c/]nL sfF8f cflb kfpg ;lsG5 . s+sfnL, clhË/] ;fd'bflos jgdf

af3, efn', d[u, aFb]n cflb kfpg'sf] ;fy} ;fnsf ?vx? k|z:t}

dfqdf kfpg ;lsG5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

lhgf M ;fd'bflos jgsf kmfObf rflx s] s] /x]sf 5g\ lg<

pkfWoIf M xl/of] jg, g]kfnsf] wg eg]/ g]kfnsf] jgnfO{ lrGg ;lsG5 . jgaf6

xfdLnfO{ bfp/f, 3fF;, sf7 / t/sf/Lx? k|fKt x'G5 . kfgLsf] d"n

hf]ufpF5, z'å clS;hg lbG5, cfGtl/s / afXo ko{6saf6 dgUo

cfDbfgL x'G5, h8La'6L k|fKt x'G5, h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ ;xof]u

k'¥ofpF5, df6f]sf] ;+/If0f u5{, kof{j/0fnfO{ :jR5 / ;kmf /fV5 .

cd[t M xfdLnfO{ ;fd'bflos jgaf6 w]/} kmfObf kf] x'Fbf] /x]5 . o;nfO{ ;+/If0f

ug{' xfd|f] bfloTj klg xf] lg <

pkfWoIf M ;fd'bflos jg xfd|f] ;DklQ xf] . o;nfO{ ;a} ldnL arfpg ;Sof}

eg] dfq of] jg /xG5 . gq eg] of] jg phf8 x'G5 . To;}n] jgnfO{

ljgf; xf]Og, ljsf; ug{'k5{ .

lzIfs M oxfFn] ;fd'bflos jgsf] af/]df w]/} hfgsf/L xfd|f ljBfyL{ efO{

alxgLx?nfO{ lbg' ePsf]df wGojfb .

pkfWoIf M ljz]iftM tkfO{ / Kof/f ljBfyL{ efO{ alxgLx?nfO{ ;fd'bflos jgsf]

af/]df hfgsf/L lbg kfPsf]df w]/} w]/} wGojfb .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

!= ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;fd'bflos jgsf] lrq jf kf]i6/ b]vfO{ jgsf] af/]df hfgsf/L

lbg'xf];\ .

lzIf0f lqmofsnfk

!= tkfO{sf] If]qdf /x]sf] ;fd'bflos jgsf] cjnf]sg e|d0f u/L sIffdf 5nkmn

ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 43

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .

s_ ;fd'bflos jg eg]sf] s] xf]<

v_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ;fd'bflos jgsf gfdsf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .

u_ ;fd'bflos jgdf kfOg] hLjhgfj/sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

3_ ;fd'bflos jg ;+/If0fdf s] s] ug{ ;lsG5 <

@= ;fd'bflos jgsf] kmfObf n]Vg'xf];\ .

#= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] nfdf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ;fd'bflos jgsf] gfd n]vL s'g} Pp6f jgsf]

af/]df n]Vg'xf];\ .

$= tnsf jfSodf vfnL 7fFp eg{'xf];\ .

s_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf=========j6f jg /x]sf] 5 . -$,&,!)_

v_ s+sfnL dfO{sf] dlGb/ ==========jgdf kb{5 . -s'rs'r] ;fd'bflos,

s+sfnL ;fd'bflos, clhË/] ;fd'bflos_

u_ lr;fkfgL hnfw/ =========agdf k5{ . -s07]Zj/L ;fd'bflos, /fKtL

Pstf ;fd'bflos, s'd/f]h ;fd'bflos_

3_ b/} af]6] tfn v}=g=kf========j8fdf /x]sf] 5 . -!!,!@,!#_

;fd'bflos sfo{;fd'bflos sfo{

• tkfO{sf] 7fFpdf /x]sf] ;fd'bflos jgsf] cWoIfnfO{ e]6L ;fd'bflos

jgaf6 k|fKt ePsf jg k}bfjf/ / cfly{s ;|f]tsf] k|of]u s'g–s'g sfddf

s;/L eO/x]sf] 5 ;f]wL n]Vg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

:yfgLo v]nx?

PsfO–&

• sa8\8L v]n

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 45

kl/ro M

sa8\8L Ps k'/fgf] v]n xf] .

o;n] zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL, rkntf /

;d"xefjnfO{ dxŒj lbG5 . of] v]n b'O{

;d"x aLr v]lnG5, hxfF k|To]s l6ddf

;ft v]nf8L x'G5g\ . Ps v]nf8Ln]

æsa8\8L sa8\8LÆ eGb} ljkIfL If]qdf k|j]z u/L k|ltåGåL v]nf8Lx?nfO{ 5f]P/

cfˆgf] If]qdf kmls{g' k5{ . ljkIfLn] p;nfO{ /f]Sg k|of; u5{g\ . of] v]n ef/t,

g]kfn, a+unfb]z / kfls:tfgdf nf]slk|o 5 .

Oltxf; M

sa8\8Lsf] Oltxf; k|frLg ef/t;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 . of] v]nnfO{ $,)))

jif{eGbf k'/fgf] dflgG5 / dxfef/t h:tf P]ltxfl;s u|Gyx?df o;sf] pNn]v

kfOG5 . k|frLg ;dodf of] v]n o'jf k'?ifx?sf] zf/Ll/s zlQm / ult ljsf; ug{

v]lnGYof] . sa8\8Lsf] cfw'lgs ?k ef/tsf] ljleGg /fHox?df ljsl;t eof] .

v]nsf] k|f/lDes ?kx?df km/s km/s lgod / z}nLx? b]lvGy] . ;g\ !(#* df,

ef/tsf] sf]nsftfdf klxnf] k6s /fli6«o :t/sf] sa8\8L k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] lyof] .

;g\ !(*) sf] bzsdf sa8\8L Pl;ofnL v]nx?df ;dfj]z eof] /

!(() sf] bzsdf Pl;ofnL sa8\8L dxf;ª\3sf] :yfkgf ul/of] . o;n] v]nnfO{

cGt/f{li6«o :t/df km}nfpg ;xof]u uof]{ . sa8\8L v]n cem} klg ljleGg pd]/ /

k[i7e"ldsf dflg;x?åf/f v]lnG5 / dg k/fOG5 .

sa8\8L v]n

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

g]kfndf, sa8\8L ztfAbLof}+b]lv ljz]if u/L u|fdL0f If]qx?df k/Dk/fut v]n

/ :yfgLo rf8kj{x?sf] lx:;f /x]sf] 5 . v]n dgf]/~hg / zf/Ll/s Jofofdsf]

?kdf ljleGg ;d'bfo df v]lnb} cfPsf] kfO{G5 .

blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'b -;fu_ df g]kfnn] sa8\8Ldf ;lqmo ;xeflutf

hgfpFb}cfPsf] 5 / pNn]vgLo k|bz{g klg u/]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/L k'?if v]ndf

g]kfnn] klg Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdf sa8\8L k|ltof]lutfx?df efu lnFb} cfPsf] 5 .

v]nsf cfwf/e"t lgodx?M

l6d M k|To]s l6ddf ;fthgf v]nf8Lx? x'G5g\, / kfFrhgf cltl/Qm

v]nf8Lx? l/he{df /xg ;S5g\ .

sf]6{ M v]n Ps cfotfsf/ d}bfgdf v]lnG5, h'g b'O{ efudf ljeflht

x'G5 .

/]8/ M Ps v]nf8L -/]8/_ ljkIfL l6dsf] cfwf/df k|j]z u/]kl5 ljkIfL

v]nf8Lx?nfO{ 5f]P/ cfˆgf] cfwfdf ;'/lIft kms{g' k5{ .

l8km]G8/ M ljkIfL l6dsf v]nf8Lx?n] /]8/nfO{ /f]Sg / pgsf] cfˆgf]

cfwfdf kmls{g' cl3 hldgdf n8fpg' k5{ .

v]nsf] k|lqmofM

/]8/ M /]8/n] ljkIfL l6dsf] cfwfdf k|j]z u/]kl5 æsa8\8L sa8\8LÆ

eGb} Zjf; /f]ls/fVg'k5{ / /]8/n] ljkIfL v]nf8Lx?nfO{ 5f]P/

cfˆgf] cfwfdf kms{g' k5{ .

kf]OG6 :sf]l/ª M /]8/n] 5f]Psf k|To]s ljkIfL v]nf8L aflx/ hfg'k5{, / l6dn] Ps

kf]OG6 kfpF5 . olb /]8/nfO{ ljkIfLn] n8fpg ;kmn eP, ljkIfL

l6dn] Ps kf]OG6 kfpF5 .

af]g; nfOg M /]8/n] ljkIfL cfwfdf /x]sf] af]g; nfOg kf/ u/]df cltl/Qm

kf]OG6 k|fKt ug{ ;S5 .

SofG6 M /]8/n] ljkIfL cfwfdf /x]sf] a]nf lg/Gt/ æsa8\8L sa8\8LÆ

eGg'k5{ . olb pgL Zjf; km]b}{ æsa8\8L sa8\8LÆ eg]sf] aGb

u5{g\ eg], pm aflx/ x'G5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 47

cfp6 / l/efOenM

cfp6 M olb ljkIfL v]nf8LnfO{ /]8/n] 5f]of] eg], jf /]8/nfO{ ljkIfLn]

n8fpg ;kmn eP eg] ;DalGwt v]nf8L cfp6 x'G5 .

l/efOen M cfp6 ePsf v]nf8Lx? k'gM v]ndf kms{g ;S5g\ olb l6dn]

ljkIfL v]nf8Lx?nfO{ cfp6 ug{ ;kmn eP .

cGo lgodx¿M

;'k/ 6\ofsn M olb tLg jf tLgeGbf sd v]nf8Lx?n] /]8/nfO{ 6\ofsn u/] eg],

l6dnfO{ b'O{ kf]OG6 k|fKt x'G5 .

;'k/ /]8 M Ps /]8/n] Ps /]8df tLg jf tLgeGbf a9L v]nf8Lx?nfO{

cfp6 u/] eg], l6dnfO{ cltl/Qm kf]OG6 k|fKt x'G5 .

;dofjlwM

v]n b'O{ xfkmdf ljeflht x'G5, k|To]s xfkm @) ldg]6sf] x'G5 . xfkm 6fOddf

% ldg]6sf] lj>fd ;do x'G5 .

kmfpn / k]gfN6L M

unt /]8, Zjf; glnOsg æsa8\8L sa8\8LÆ elg/fVg c;kmn x'g', jf

cg'lrt cfr/0f ubf{ k]gfN6L lbg ;lsG5 .

lqmofsnfklqmofsnfk

• sa8\8L v]nsf lgodx?sf af/]df hfGg'xf];\ / ;fyLx? ldn]/ sa8\8L

v]n v]Ng'xf];\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ sa8\8L sf]6{ lgdf{0f ug{ nufO{ v]nsf lgodx? ;d]t

hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx? l7s eP l7s / a]l7s eP a]l7s n]Vg'xf];\ M

s_ k|To]s l6ddf ;fthgf v]nf8Lx? x'G5g\, / kfFrhgf cltl/Qm v]nf8Lx?

l/he{df /xg ;S5g\ . - _

v_ ;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf Pl;ofnL sa8\8L dxf;ª\3sf] :yfkgf ul/of] .- _

u_ blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'b -;fu_ df g]kfnn] sa8\8Ldf ;lqmo ;xeflutf

hgfpb} cfPsf] 5 . - _

3_ olb ljkIfL v]nf8LnfO{ /]8/n] 5f]of] eg], jf /]8/nfO{ ljkIfLn] n8fpg

;kmn eP eg], ;DalGwt v]nf8L cfp6 x'G5 . - _

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

s_ sa8\8L v]nsf] Oltxf;sf] af/]df 5f]6s/Ldf n]Vg'xf];\ .

v_ sa8\8L v]nsf] cfwf/e"t lgodx? s] s] x'g\ <

u_ sa8\8L v]nsf] v]n k|lqmofaf/] pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .

3_ sa8\8L v]nsf cltl/Qm lgodx? s] s] x'g\ <

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 49

;8s ;'/Iff / ljkb\ Joj:yfkg

PsfO–*

• 6«flkms lgod

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

!$ 6«flkms lgod

;xf/fsf] 3/ / ljBfnosf] b'/L hDdf %)) ld6/ hlt 5 . cfh ljBfno

glhs}sf] rf]ssf :s'6L b'3{6gf ePsf] 5 . pgL ;Fu;Fu} k9\g] ;fyLnfO{ pgs}

;fyLsf] cfdfsf] :s'6Ln] xfg]sf] 5 . b'3{6gf kl5 b'j} hgfnfO{ c:ktfn nluPsf]

5 . To;kl5 ;xf/fn] afaf;Fu tnsf] ;+jfb u/]sL l5g\ .

;xf/f M -afafnfO{ cª\ufnf] xfNb} sfd]sf] :j/df_ afaf Û cfh cd[tsf] cfdfsf]

:s'6L s:t/L n8]sf] lg Û

afaf M -5f]/LnfO{ sfvdf /fVb} _ cf]xf] Û s;/L n8\g' eP5 < af6f] t /fd|}

lyof] .

;xf/f M afaf Û ;fu/ / d;Fu} lxl8/x]sf lyof}F . cd[t kNnf]kl6\6 k;ndf lyof] .

;fu/ cd[tlt/ bf}l8Fb} uof] . ToxL a]nf ptfaf6 cd[tsL cfdf :s'6Ldf

cfpg'efYof] . ;fu/ / cd[tsf] cfdf ;Fu} n8\g'ef] .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 51

afaf M rf]sdf t h]a|f qml;ª 5 x} . af6f] sf6\bf Vofn ug'{kYof]{ lg . -5f]/LnfO{

;DemfpFb} _

;xf/f M -afaflt/ x]b}{_ s'g afaf < Tof] ;]tf] ;]tf] /ª nufsf] <

afaf M cF xf] Û af6f] sf6\gnfO{ agfOlbPsf x'g\ 6«flkmsx?n] .

;xf/f M ;fu/ t lar af6f]af6} bf}l8b} ufsf] lg afaf .

afaf M af6f] sf6\bf ;w}+ h]a|fqml;ª x]/]/ sf6\g'k5{ x} 5f]/L Û

;xf/f M -6fpsf] xNnfpFb}_ x'G5 afaf . dnfO{ t cem} klg 8/ nflu/f5 .

afaf M -5f]/LnfO{ ;DemfpFb}_ b'3{6gfaf6 aRg xfdL klg xf]l;of/ x'g'k5{ lg

5f]/L Û

;xf/f M s;/L aRg] afaf b'3{6gfaf6 < -lh1f;' gh/n] afafnfO{ x]5]{_

afaf M ;'g 5f]/L Û klxnf] s'/f t k}bn lxF8\bf af6f]sf] lsgf/} lsgf/ lx8\g] .

af6f] sf6\g k¥of] eg] h]a|fqml;ªaf6 sf6\g] . oltdfq xf]Og, ;fwg

rnfpg]n] klg xf]l;of/ aGg'k5{ . cd[tsf] cfdfn] x]nd]6 gnfsf] eP/

t 6fpsf]df w]/} rf]6 nfUof] . ;fu/n] klg bfofFafFof x]/]/ h]a|fqml;ªaf6

af6f] sf6]sf] eP b'3{6gf x'g] lyPg lg . b'3{6gfdf Hofg} klg hfg ;S5

5f]/L . To;}n] xfdLn] klg cfˆgf] Vofn ug'{k5{ .

;xf/f M xf] lg afaf Û d}n] t ghfpm eg]/ xft ;dft]sf] t/ pm gdfg]/ bf}8]/ ufsf]

xf] . sf7df8f}+df t aQL klg aN5 lg x}< d}n] dfdf3/ hfFbf b]v]sf] .

-afafsf] d'vlt/ x]b}{_

afaf M 7"nf] / Jo:t ;8sdf t 6«flkms nfO6 klg x'G5g\ . xl/of] aQL an]kl5dfq

af6f] sf6\g'k5{ . ;a}n] xf]l;of/ eP/ lx8\g] / 6«flkms lgodsf] Vofn ug]{

xf] eg] b'3{6gf sd x'G5 . -;DemfpFb}_

;xf/f M afaf Û b'3{6gfaf6 aRg xfdLn] c? s] s] ug'{k5{ <

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

afaf M ;'g 5f]/L Û ;8ssf] lsgf/af6 lxF8\g], h]a|fqml;ªaf6 dfq af6f] sf6\g],

;8sdf gv]Ng], 6«flkms lgodsf] Vofn ug]{, :s'6L tyf df]6/;fOsndf

lxF8\bf x]nd]6 nufpg], oftfoftsf] ;fwg rnfpg]x?n] klg lgodsf]

kfng u/L lxF8]df b'3{6gf x'Fb}g .

;xf/f M afaf . Pp6f s'/f ;f]W5' g .ca d klg ;8sdf lx8\bf xh'/n] eg] em}+

bfofF afFof x]/]/ la:tf/} lx8\5' kfl/ hfFbf h]a|fqml;ªaf6} hfG5' lg .

afaf M ;f]w 5f]/L Û

;xf/f M afaf . 6«flkms lgod eg]sf] s] xf] / 6«flkms lgod s] s] x'g <

afaf M ;'g 5f]/L Û d ;a}s'/f eG5' . Ps :yfgaf6 csf{] lglZrt :yfg;Dd k'Ug]

rnfodfg lrhnfO{ 6«flkms elgG5 . 6«flkmsleq k}bnofq', ;fOsnofq',

;jf/Lrfns / ;jf/L;fwgx? kb{5g\ . ;8sdf x'g] ljleGg k|sf/sf

b'3{6gfx?sf] hf]lvdaf6 aRgsf nflu ljleGg lgodx? agfOPsf

x'G5g\ . oxL lgodnfO{ 6«flkms lgod elgG5 .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsf eP/ k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . /fhdfu{

clt ;+j]bglzn If]q xf] . lxhf]cfh v}/xgLsf ;a} j8fx?df df]6/ af6f] k'u]sf]

5 . sltko :yfgdf kSsL ;8s 5 eg] sltkodf sRrL ;8s 5 . sRrL xf];\ jf

kSsL, h'g;'s} vfnsf] df]6/ af6f] eP klg xfdLn] 6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf ug{'k5{ .

w]/}h;f] dflg;x? hfg]/ jf ghfg]/ 6«flkms lgodsf] pNnª\3g ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .

ha xfdL of] lgodsf] kfngf ub{}gf} ta g} b'3{6gf lglDtg] xf] . rfnsn] tLj| ultdf

;jf/L ;fwg xfFSg], 6«flkms ;ª\s]tx?sf] kfngf gug{], hyfefjL uf8L /f]Sg], ;jf/L

;fwgx?df IfdtfeGbf a9L ofq'x? af]Sg]h:tf sfo{n] b'3{6gfx? eO/x]sf x'G5g\ .

cfkm"nfO{ lzlIft eg]sf dflg;x?n] ;d]t of] lgodsf] kfngf u/]sf] b]lvb}g .

6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf gug{' eg]sf] hlta]nf klg b'3{6gf x'g;S5 eGg] ;ª\s]t xf] .

;8sdf x'g] b'3{6gfx?af6 aRg xfdLn] lgDg lnlvt lgodx?sf] clgjfo{ ?kdf

kfngf kfngf ug{'k5{M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 53

!= ;8sdf /flvPsf 6«flkms lrXgsf] ;xL ?kdf kfngf ug{'k5{ .

@= clwsf+z b'3{6gfx? cyf{t\ ;8sdf x'g] %) k|ltzt b'3{6gf n]g ldr]sf

sf/0f x'g] u5{ . To;}n] ;8sdf ofqf ubf{ ;8s n]gsf] kfngf ug{'k5{ .

#= x/]s :yfgx?df ;jf/Lsf] lglZrt ult tf]lsPsf] x'G5, ;f]xLcg';f/ dfq

;jf/L xfFSg] ug{'k5{ . Jo:t ;8sdf ult ;Lldt ug{'k5{ . hyfefjL xg{sf]

k|of]u ug{'x'Fb}g .

$= k}bnofq'?nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg] ug{'k5{ . ;jf/Lsf] IfdtfeGbf a9L ofq'

af]Sg] ug{'x'Fb}g .

%= ;jf/L rnfpFbf clgjfo{ ?kdf x]nd]6 jf lkmQfsf] k|of]u ug{'k5{ . ;jf/Lrfns

cg'dltkq glnO{ ;jf/L rnfpg] ug{'x'Fb}g . ljb]zdf bt{f ePsf] ;jf/L;d]t

ljgf cg'dlt rnfpg' x'Fb}g .

^= ;jf/L;fwg clgjfo{ ?kdf bt{f ug{] ug{'k5{ . ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lsf] xsdf

;8s Ohfhtkq lnP/ dfq ;fj{hlgs 7fpFdf rnfpg] ug{'k5{ .

&= dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/]/ uf8L rnfpg' x'Fb}g .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 6«flkms lgod / ;ª\s]tx?sf] ;"rL

tof/ u/fpg'xf];\ / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ k|]l/t ug{'xf];\ .

• ;+jfbnfO{ xfpefp ;lxt afaf / 5f]/L agL sIff sf]7fdf jfrg ug'{xf];\ .

• lzIfssf] ;xfotfdf tkfO{F a;]sf] :yfgdf /x]sf] 6«flkms kf]i6 sfo{/t

k|x/LnfO{ ljBfnodf lgdGq0ff u/L 6«flkms ;DaGwL sIffsf nflu cg'/f]w

ug{'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

s_ ;xf/f lsg 8/fpFb} 3/ cfOg\ <

v_ ljBfno glhs} s;sf] b'3{6gf eof] <

u_ k}bnofqL sxfFaf6 lx8\g'k5{ <

3_ 6«flkms lgod kfngf gu/] s] x'G5 <

@= ldNbf] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF eg'{xf];\ .

-x]nd]6, h]a|fqml;ª, 6«flkms lgod, xf]l;of/_

s_ df]6/;fOsndf lxF8\g]n] =============================== nufpg'k5{ .

v_ ;8sdf lx8\g]n] ====================================== kfngf ug{'k5{ .

u_ xfdLn] ================================== af6 af6f] sf6\g'k5{ .

3_ b'3{6gfaf6 aRg xfdL klg================================= x'g'k5{ .

#= tnsf jfSox¿ l7s eP l7s / a]l7s eP ;RofP/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

s_ Ps :yfgaf6 csf{] lglZrt :yfg;Dd hf]8\g] af6fnfO{ 6«flkms elgG5 .

v_ 6«flkmsleq k}bnofq', ;fOsnofq', ;jf/Lrfns / ;jf/L;fwgx?

kb{5g\ .

u_ 6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf gug{' eg]sf] hlta]nf klg b'3{6gf x'g;S5 eGg]

;ª\s]t xf] .

3_ ;8sdf x'g] % k|ltzt b'3{6gf n]g ldr]sf sf/0f x'g] u5{ .

ª_ xl/of] aQL an]kl5dfq af6f] sf6\g'k5{ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 55

;x/L ljsf;, k|b"if0f tyf

kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg

PsfO–(

• jftfj/0f ;+/If0f

• v}/xgLsf] kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg

• ;/;kmfO

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f eg]sf] JolQmut,

;ª\u7gfTds / ;/sf/L txdf k|fs[lts

jftfj/0f / dfgj hfltsf] enfO{sf

nflu jftfj/0fsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ sfo{ xf] .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] sfo{ ;du| jftfj/0f

leq /x]sf dflg;x?, hLj hGt'x? /

jg:kltx? ;a}sf] ;'/Iff ug{' xf] .

dflg; r]tgzLn k|f0fL xf] . k|f0fLx?dWo] dflg; ;j{>]i7 klg dflgG5 .

p;n] cfˆgf] hLjg ;xh / ;/n agfpg rfxG5 . dflg;n] w]/} gofF s'/fsf]

cfljisf/ klg u/]sf] 5 t/ cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ cem ;'vdo agfpg k|s[lt / o;sf]

;+/If0fdf eg] rf;f] lbFb}g . p;n] oxL k|fs[lts jftfj/0fnfO{ eg] gfz kfb}{ 5 .

To;}n] cfh xfd|f] k|s[lt k|lts"n x'g'sf sf/0f klg xfdL g} xf] . h;n] ubf{ dfgj

hLjgdf w]/} ;d:of lgDTofO/x]sf] 5 .

cfh dflg; cfkm";Fu ePsf ;'ljwfaf6 v';L 5 t/ ;Gt'i6 5}g . o;sf]

d'Vo sf/0f k|lts"n x'b}F uPsf] xfd|f] k|fs[lts k|0ffnL klg xf] . snsf/vfgfaf6

lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ / b'u{Gw, df]6/ uf8Ln] KofSg] w'jfF / jg kmF8fgLh:tf sfdn] xfjf /

df6f] b'j} b"lift x'b}F uPsf 5g\ . o;n] dflg;sf] hLjgdf 7'nf] c;/ ul//x]sf] 5 .

xfdLn] jftfj/0fnfO{ ;kmf / :jR5 /fv] dflg;sf] ;f]rdf ;sf/fTdstf

cfpFb5 . k|s[ltsf] z'4 jftfj/0fdf dflg;nufot c? k|f0fL klg :j:y /xg

;S5g t/ cfh jftfj/0f kmf]xf]/ / b"lift ePsf sf/0f dflg;sf] :jf:Yo klg lau|b}F

uPsf] 5 . cfhsf] dflg;nfO{ k|lts"n ePsf] jftfj/0fsf sf/0f ljleGg vfnsf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 57

/f]un] g/fd|f];Fu ufFHg yfn]sf] 5 t/ oL ;a} ;d:ofsf] d'Vo sf/0f klg dflg;

:jod\ g} xf}F . t;y{ k|s[lt / jftfj/0fnfO{ :jR5 /fVg] st{Jo klg xfdL dflg;sf]

g} xf] .

To;}n] xfdLn] cfhs} lbgb]lv jftfj/0fnfO{ ;+/If0f / :jR5 /fVg yfNg'kb{5 .

:jR5, ;kmf / z'4 k|fs[lts jftfj/0fn] dflg;sf] ;f]r, ljrf/, :jf:Yo / dgnfO{

klg ;Gt'i6 /fVg d2t ub{5 . xfdLn] jftfj/0fnfO{ ;kmf /fVof}F eg] xfdL ;a}nfO{

w]/} kmfObf x'G5 . To;}n] jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f ug{' xfdL ;a} dflg;sf] d'Vo st{Jo

klg xf] .

jftfj/0fnfO{ ljz]if u/L b'O{ efudf afF8\g ;lsG5 . h;df k|fs[lts jftfj/0f

/ ;fdflhs÷;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f kb{5g\ . ;fwf/0f cy{df xfdL dfgj ;dfhsf

cf;kf;df /x]sf] xfjfkfgL, df6f], jghª\un, kz'k+IfL, tfkqmd, vlghcflbnfO{

k|fs[lts jftfj/0f eg]/ a'‰5f} eg] d"No, dfGotf, /Llt, k/Dk/f, wd{, ;fdflhs ;ª\

u7g, ;DaGw, n]gb]g cflbnfO{ ;fdflhs÷;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f eg]/ a'‰5f}F .

cGt/f{li6«|o:t/df ;g\ % h'g !(&@ df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo kof{j/0f sfo{qmd

(UNEP_ ;d]tsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 eg] g]kfndf klg jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)&%

/ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)&^ NofOPsf] 5 .

jftfj/0f JolQmsf] b}lgs hLjgdf k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ ljifo xf] . oxL cfh

ljZj;fd' hNbf]aNbf] ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ljsf;sf lqmofsnfkn] klg

jftfj/0fnfO{ ljgf; u/]sf] x'G5 . cfhsf ljsf;n] efjL k':tfsf] hLjg k|lqmofdf

c;/ gk'Ug] ljsf; lbuf] jf:tljs ljsf; xf] .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf pkfox? M

• a9\9f] hg;ª\Vof lgoGq0f Pjd\ Joj:yfkg,

• h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ug{'kg]{,

• k|fs[lts ;|f]t–;fwgsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ub}{ ;+/If0f ug]{,

• ul/aL pGd'ng ug{ sbd rfNg'kg]{,

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

• cf0fljs tyf /;folgs xftxltof/sf] xf]8afhL tyf o'4df aGb]h

nufpg'kg{],

• j}slNks pmhf{sf] ljsf; / k|of]u ug{'kg]{, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f tyf ;x/Ls/0f

lj:tf/ ubf{ jftfj/0fLo k|efjnfO{ Wofg lbg'kg]{,

• Snf]/f]ˆnf]/f], sfa{g, ldy]gh:tf ljiffn' Uof;x?sf] pTkfbgdf /f]s nufpg'kg{],

• ls6gfzs cf}iflw / /;fogsf] k|of]u sd ub}{ hfg'kg]{, oftfofthGo k|b"if0f

sd ug{'kg]{ / jftfj/0fLo lzIffsf] k|rf/k|;f/ u/L hgr]tgf j[l4 ug{'kg]{,

• jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{ th{'df ePsf sfg'gL ;+/rgfx? k|efjsf/L ?kdf

Joj:yfkg ug]{,

xfn kof{j/0fsf] hLjgsf] clej[l4 ug{' cTofjZos eO;s]sf] 5 . jftfj/0fsf]

;+/If0f cfjZostf dxŒjk"0f{ / r'gf}ltsf] ljifo alg;s]sf] 5 . eljio k':tfx?sf]

hLjg ;'lglZrt ug{' jt{dfg cj:yfdf ckl/xfo{ b]lvPsf] 5 . jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f

;/sf/ / 7"nf sDkgLx?sf ;fy} ;a} gful/sx?;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . jftfj/0f

k|b"if0fsf] k|ToIf c;/ dflg;nfO{ g} kg]{ ePsfn] ;+/If0fnfO{ hf]8 lbg' xfdL ;a}sf]

bfloTj x'g cfpF5 . jftfj/0fsf] /Iff, dfgj hfltsf] ;'/IffÚ eg] h:t} jftfj/0fsf]

;+/If0fn] xfdLnfO{ lbuf] hLjgsf] nflu cg'dlt lbg] u5{ .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf kmfObfx? M

• jghª\unsf] ljgfz gx'g],

• jfo'k|b"if0f tyf hnk|b"if0fdf sdL cfpg],

• jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f x'g],

• gbLsf] k|jfxdf kl/jt{g gx'g] tyf hn:t/ oyfjt\ /xg],

• hnhLjsf] ;+/If0f x'g],

• /f]uJoflw, af9L klx/f] tyf xfjfx'/L cflb k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf sdL cfpg],

jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f cfhsf] cfjZostf dxŒjk"0f{ / r'gf}ltsf] ljifo xf] .

obL jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsPg eg] jftfj/0fdf c;Gt'ng cfpF5 . jftfj/0fdf

c;Gt'ng cfpg' eg]sf] jftfj/0f k|b"if0f xf] . xfd|f] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf gx'g'

/ k|fs[lts cj:yfdf cfpg] gsf/fTds k|efj g} jftfj/0f k|b"if0f xf] . clxn]

jftfj/0f k|b"if0f ljZjJofkL ;d:of ag]sf] 5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 59

• lzIfssf] ;xof]udf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] kmfObfx? / jftfj/0f

;+/If0fsf] nflu ug{ ;lsg] ljleGg pkfox?sf] af/]df hgr]tgfd'ns

sfo{s|d cfof]hgf ug'{xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] dxŒj, kmfObfx? / jftfj/0f

;+/If0fsf] nflu ug{ ;lsn] ljleGg pkfox?sf] af/]df k|i6 kfg'{xf];\ .

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ jftfj/0f k|b"if0fsf sf/0fx?af/] atfOlbg'xf];\ .

cEof;

!= tnsf jfSox? l7s eP l7s / a]l7s eP a]l7s n]Vg'xf];\ M

s_ hg:t/af6 klg jftj/0f ;+/If0fdf h'6g' plQs} cfjZos 5 .

v_ jftfj/0f JolQmsf] b}lgs hLjgdf k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ ljifo xf] .

u_ dflg; r]tgzLn k|f0fL xf]Og .

3_ xfdLn] cfhs} lbgb]lv jftfj/0fnfO{ ;+/If0f / :jR5 /fVg yfNg'kb{5 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

s_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f eg]sf] s] xf] <

v_ jftfj/0f k|b"if0f sf sf/0fx? s] s] x'g\ <

u_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf kmfObfx? s] s] x'g\ ;S5g\ <

#= ljBfnodf æKnfl:6s d'Qm lbgÆ cleofg ljBfyL{x¿n] Ps lbg Knfl:6s

k|of]u gug]{ afrf ug{'xf];\ / cfŠgf ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg k|]l/t ug]{ sfo{qmd

/fvL sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

;fwf/0ftM xfdLnfO{ sfd gnfUg]

j:t'nfO{ kmf]xf]/ elgG5 . l3gnfUbf] lrhj:t',

dnd"qnufotsf b'u{lGwt j:t'nfO{ kmf]x/d}nf

elgG5 . kmf]xf]/d}nfn] tTsfn k|of]u x'g

g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]sf kmflnPsf jf

;8]un]sf, jftfj/0f lau|g] u/L lgisfzg

ul/Psf, 7f];, t/n, UofF;, n]bf], w'jfF, w"nf]

;a}nfO{ a'emfpF5 . hf]sf]xLn] sfd gnfUg]

egL kmfn]sf j:t' csf]{nfO{ sfd nfUg] klg

x'g ;S5g\ . tL j:t'x? sRrf kbfy{sf ?kdf klg k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsG5 . h:t}M

xfdLn] Knfli6s, sfuh, kmnfdsf 6'qmf, sfFrsf a§f, l;;fsf af]tn, l6gsf kftf,

/ªsf a§f / afN6L cflbnfO{ kmfN5f}F . t/ tL j:t'x? ;DalGwt sf/vfgfx?df

n}hfg] xf] eg] w]/} k};fdf laqmL ug{ ;lsG5 .

kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf pkfox? M–

kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg eGgfn] kmf]xf]/ / o;af6 x'g ;Sg] gsf/fTds c;/x?nfO{

sd ug{] k|ls|ofnfO{ a'lemG5 . ;fdfGotM kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg b'O{ tl/sfn] ug{ ;lsG5M

!= kmf]xf]/sf] dfqf Go"gLs/0f ug{] tyf kmf]xf]/sf] k'gM k|of]u / k'gMrqmLo

k|of]u ug{] M

s_ kmf]xf]/nfO{ pTkfbg x'g] :yfgdf g} sd ug{],

v_ k|of]u ul/;s]sf] j:t'nfO{ k'gM k|of]u ug{],

u_ kmf]xf]/nfO{ sRrf kbfy{sf ?kdf k|of]u ug{] .

v}/xgLsf] kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg

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xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 61

@= kmf]xf]/af6 x'g;Sg] gsf/fTds c;/ sd ug{] M

s_ ;|f]td} kmf]xf]/sf] juL{s/0f ug{],

v_ plrt tl/sfn] kmf]xf]/ ;ª\sng ug{],

u_ kmf]xf]/sf] k|zf]wg ug{] .

kmf]xf]/nfO{ ;|f]td} 36fpg] M

xfdLn] pTkfbg u/]sf] kmf]xf]/df ;fdfGotoM b'O{ lsl;dsf j:t' x'G5g\ .

Pp6f k|of]u eO;s]sf] j:t' h:t}M hn]sf] lrd, n]lv;s]sf] sfuh cflb . csf{]

s'g} ;fdfg vl/b ubf{ Kofs]lhªsf ?kdf cfPsf] j:t' h:t}M Knfl:6ssf emf]nf,

l6gsf a6\6f cflb . To;}n] sd Kofs]lhª ePsf] j:t' k|of]u u/]/ cyjf nfdf]

;do;Dd k|of]u ug{] ;lsg] j:t' pkof]u u/]/ kmf]xf]/sf] dfqf 36fpg ;lsG5 .

kmf]xf]/sf] k'gMk|of]u ug{] M

xfdLnfO{ sfd gnfUg] sltko j:t' s'g} pBf]unfO{ sRrf kbfy{

x'g;S5g\ . kmf]xf]/nfO{ k'gM pkof]uL j:t'df kl/0ft ug{' g} kmf]xf]/sf] k'gM k|of]u xf] .

kmf]xf]/sf ?kdf ˆofFlsg] ljleGg j:t'x? h:t}M sfuh, Knfli6s, kmnfd, s'lxg]

j:t' cflbnfO{ 5'6\ofP/ k'gM k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . xfd|f] 3/sf] kmf]xf]/df ;fwf/0ftoM

b'O{ ltxfO{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L s'lxg] k|s[ltsf kmf]xf]/ x'G5g\ h;nfO{ h}ljs kmf]xf]/

elgG5 . o:tf kmf]xf]/nfO{ sDkf]i6 dn agfP/ k'gM k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

gs'lxg] k|s[ltsf Knfl:6s, sfuh, 9'ª\uf, afn'jfnfO{ ch}ljs kmf]xf]/

elgG5 . o:tf] ch}ljs kmf]xf]/nfO{ 5'6\6} ;ª\sng u/L las|L ug{ jf cGo sfddf

k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

k'gM k|of]u ug{ g;lsg] kmf]xf]/ M

o:tf] k|s[ltsf kmf]xf]/nfO{ gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] 7fpFdf /fVg] jf sjf8LnfO{

lbg] jf 3/3/df kmf]xf]/ ;ª\sng ug{ cfpg] ;+:yfnfO{ lbg'k5{ . o; afx]sf k'gMk|of]u

ug{ g;lsg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ 5'6\6f5'6\6} uf8Ldf ;ª\sng ug{] tyf s'lxg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ dn

agfpg] ug{'k5{ . olb dn agfpg ;lsPg eg] uNg] kmf]xf]/ hlt 5'6\6} efF8fdf ;ª\sng

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

ug{] / afFsL guNg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ ;ª\sng u/L k'gM rs|Lo k|of]udf n}hfg'k5{ .

kmf]xf]/nfO{ k|zf]wg ug{] M

kmf]xf]/ k|zf]wg ug{] eGgfn] kmf]xf]/nfO{ ;'/lIft tl/sfn] ;ª\sng ug{] jf cGo

s'g} ljlw ckgfP/ o;af6 x'g;Sg] k|lts"n c;/ sd ug{] k|ls|of a'lemG5 . h:t}M

c:ktfnaf6 pTkflbt x'g] xflgsf/s kmf]xf]/nfO{ …c6f]Sn]eÚ dfkm{t\ sL6f0f'/lxt

agfpg ;lsG5 .

kmf]xf]/sf] ;'/lIft lgisf;g ug{] M

gs'lxg] / k'gMk|of]u ug{ g;lsg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ lgisf;g ubf{ j}1flgs 9ª\uaf6

jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg{] u/L ;'/lIft tl/sfn] k'g{] jf tx nufpg] k|ls|ofnfO{

g} …NofG8lkmlnªÚ elgG5 . ;'/lIft NofG8lkmlnª ubf{ jftfj/0fLo, ;fdflhs /

cfly{s ;a} b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm :yfg 5fGg'k5{ . o:tf] k|lj|mof ckgfpFbf kmf]xf]/nfO{

vfN8f]df /fvL df6f]n] k'l/G5 / kmf]xf]/af6 pTkGg x'g] k|b"lift kfgL / k|HjngzLn

ldy]g Uof;nfO{ hDdf u/L Joj:yfkg ul/G5 .

v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ljleGg k|oTgx? u/]]sf]

5 . gu/leq ;ª\slnt kmf]xf]/nfO{ j8f gDa/ % sf] uf}r/gdf s'lxg] / gs'lxg]

kmf]xf]/nfO{ cnu cnu Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L j8f gDa/ $ sf] e'jg]Zj/

6f]ndf k|zf]wg s]Gb| :yfkgf u/]/ Knfl:6shGo kmf]xf]/nfO{ k|zf]wg ug{ ;'¿ ul/Psf]

5 . ;fy} gu/kflnsfn] s'lxg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ 3/3/d} Joj:yfkg ug{ gu/jf;LnfO{

k|f]T;flxt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] lghL If]qsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf kmf]

xf]/ Joj:yfkg ;DalGw sfo{ ub{} cfPsf] 5 . kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgaf6 dn pTkfbg

k|fª\ul/s dn pTkfbg / /fh:j ;+sng b'j} sfo{ ePsf] 5 . ahf/If]qdf lbglbg} /

u|fdL0f If]qdf xKtfsf] Ps k6s kmf]xf]/ ;+sng ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . xfdLn] klg 3/sf]

kmf]xf]/nfO{ 3/3/d} Joj:yfkg ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 63

lj|mofsnfk M lj|mofsnfk M

• tkfO{Fsf] 3/df s:tf] s:tf] kmf]xf]/ x'G5 < s;/L ;ª\sng ug'{x'G5 < kmf]xf]/sf]

gfd n]v]/ sIffdf b]vfpg'xf];\ .

• 3Rs df]8n eg]sf] s] xf] < OG6/g]6af6 vf]hL u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfj MlzIf0f ;'emfj M

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfsf] ;/;kmfO s]Gb|df cjnf]sg e|d0f

u/fpg'xf];\ . ToxfF kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ckgfOPsf k|fljlws / cGo

kIfx?sf af/]df a'em]/ ljBfyL{nfO{ atfpg'xf];\ .

• ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ofqfsf] ;dodf a;sf] em\ofnaf6, ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf kmf]

xf]/hGo kbfy{ gkmfNg hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .

!= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

s_ kmf]xf]/d}nf eg]sf] s] xf] <

v_ kmf]xf]/d}nfleq s:tf s:tf kmf]xf]/x? kb{5g\ <

u_ h}ljs kmf]xf]/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

3_ ch}ljs kmf]xf]/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] nfdf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .

s_ kmf]xf]/d}nfsf k|sf/x?sf af/]df n]Vg'xf];\ .

v_ kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf pkfox? s] s] x'g\ < n]Vg'xf];\ .

u_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfn] u/]sf] kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf] k|of;af/] n]Vg'xf];\ .

#= hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

s v

¥oflkª k]k/ ahf/df x'g] kmf]xf]/

t/sf/Lsf vf]n c:ktfnsf] kmf]xf]/

afn'jf efG;fdf x'g] kmf]xf]/

cf}ifwLsf l;;L 3/aflx/af6 x'g] kmf]xf]/

cEof;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

!& ;/;kmfO

cfh cfefifsf] ufpFdf

/x]sf] rf}tf/Ldf ufpFdf /x]sf

k|fo ;a} dflg;x? xftdf s'6f],

sf]bfnf], xFl;of, a]Nrf cflb

cf}hf/x? lnP/ e]nf ePsf

5g\ . cfh zlgaf/ ePsfn]

cfefif / pgsf ;fyLx? klg

rf}tf/Ldf uP . cfefifn] cfˆgf]

afafnfO{ dflg;x? e]nf x'gfsf] sf/0f ;f]w] . afafn] cfh xfd|f] ufpFdf /x]sf

af6f], wf/f, s'jf, dlGb/, ;8s / ufpF6f]ndf ;a} ldn]/ ;kmf ug]{ of]hgf ePsfn]

ufpFsf dflg;x? e]nf ePsf x'g eGg'eof] . ufpFn]n] cfh vfg]kfgL ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f

/ ufpFel/sf 3/af6 lgl:sg] kmf]xf]/ kfgLnfO{ plrt 7fpFdf Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfd

;d]t /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . xfdLn] ;do–;dodf ;/;kmfOsf sfdx? ub{5f}+ . ufpFdf

a;f]af; ug]{ dflg;x?nfO{ ;/;kmfO;DaGwL hgr]tgf k}mnfpg] sfd klg xfdLn]

ug{'kb{5 . xfd|f] ;d'bfodf /x]sf gbL, vf]nf, s'jf, kf]v/L, wf/f cflbsf] ;kmfO /

;+/If0f ;a} ldn]/ ug{'kb{5 . ;a} ldn]/ u/]sf o:tf vfnsf sfdx? ;fd'bflos

;/;kmfO;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ pxfFn] eGg'eof] . clg s]xL ;do kl5 dflg;x? e]nf

ePsf] rf}tf/Laf6 g} ;/;kmfO ;'? ug{ yfn] . cfefif / pgsf ;fyLx?n] klg v';L

/ /dfOnf] dfGb} ufpF6f]n ;kmf ug{ ;xof]u u/] .

ljBfno ;/;kmfO

xfdL ^ 306fsf] ;do ljBfnodf x'G5f}+ . ljBfno ;kmf ePg eg] xfdLnfO{

;/;kmfOsf] sdLsf sf/0f nfUg] /f]ux? nfU5 / xfdL ljBfno;d]t lgoldt

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 65

hfg ;Sb}gf}+ . olb xfdLn] kmf]xf]/ u/]gf}+ eg] ;kmf klg ug{'kb}{g . xfdLn] kmf]xf]/

pTkfbgnfO{ sd ug]{, ljBfno ejgsf] leQfdf hyfefjL gs]g]{, zf}rfnosf]

k|of]u u/]kl5 k|z:t kfgL xfNg], cfˆgf] sIffsf]7fdf 8:6jLg / s'rf] /fv]/ kmf]xf]/

;+sng ug]{ ug{'kb{5 . xfdLn] ljBfnosf] /]lnË, kvf{n cflbdf tf]8kmf]8 ug{'

xF'b}g, e\mofn 9f]sf tyf ljBfnodf 9'Ëf xfGg' xF'b}g / c?nfO{ klg o;f] gug{ eg]/

l;sfpg'kb{5 . ljBfnosf] s/];faf/L, au}+rf, v]n d}bfg nufotsf 7fpFdf hyfefjL

y'Sg] / kmf]xf]/ ˆofFSg] sfd ug{'x'Fb}g . xfdLn] xfd|f] ljBfnonfO{ c?sf] eGbf /fd|f]

/ ;kmf /fVg'kb{5 . ljBfnodf jftfj/0f :j:y / ;kmf 5 eg] dfq ljBfyL{nfO{

l;sfOdf ;s/fTds k|efj kb{5 .

;d'bfo / ljBfnoaf6 lgl:sg] kmf]xf]/dWo] 5'6\ofP/ s'lxg] kmf]xf]/ ;ª\sng

u/]/ sDkf]:6 dn agfO{ ;d'bfo tyf ljBfnosf s/];faf/L / au}+rfdf k|of]u ug]{

clg gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/sf] ;s];Dd pTkfbg sd ug]{ / To;nfO{ k|zf]wg u/]/ k'gM k|of]u

ug]{ ljlw ckgfP/ xfdL ljBfno / ;d'bfosf] g} ;/;kmfOsf ;fy} kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg

ug{ ;S5f}+ .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{nfO{ tkfO{+ cfˆgf] ;+nUgtfdf ljBfnosf]

sDkfpG8leq ;/;kmfO ug{ l;sfpg'xf];\ .

• tkfO{+ cfˆgf] 3/df kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg s;/L ug{'x'G5 < n]v]/ sIffdf

;'gfpg'xf];\ .

• tkfO{+sf] ljBfnodf x'g] s'lxg] / gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/x?sf] 5'§f5'§} ;"rL tof/

kfg{'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

cEof;

!= kf7sf] cfwf/df vfnL 7fpFdf pko'Qm zAb n]Vg'xf];\ .

s_ cfefif / pgsf ;fyLx? klg ================================ uP .

v_ xfdLn] ;do–;dodf =============================== sfdx? ub{5f}+ .

u_ ;a} ldn]/ u/]sf o:tf vfnsf sfdx? ==============================

;/;kmfO;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ .

3_ ;d'bfodf ;/;kmfO ;DaGwL ================= k}mnfpg] sfd ug{'kb{5 .

ª_ kfgLsf ;|f]tx?sf] ============= ug]{ sfd ;fd'bflos ;/;kmfO cGtu{t

kb{5 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

s_ rf}tf/Ldf dflg;x? lsg e]nf ePsf x'g\ < n]Vg'xf];\ .

v_ ;fd'bflos ;/;kmfO eg]sf] s] xf] <

u_ ;fd'bflos ;/;kmfO cGtu{t s]–s] kb{5g\ < pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .

3_ ljBfno ;kmf ePg eg] xfdLnfO{ s] x'G5 <

ª_ xfd|f] ljBfno s;/L ;kmf /fVg'kb{5 < pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .

;fd'bflos sfo{;fd'bflos sfo{

• lzIfssf] pkl:yltdf ljBfno j/k/ /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs :yn d7dlGb/

h:tf ;Dkbfx?sf] ;/;kmfOsf nflu hgr]tgfd"ns ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd

ug{'xf];\ clg xft / v'§f ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|f];Fu w'g'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 67

xfd|f d"No, dfGotf,

;bfrf/ / of]u

PsfO–!)

• s] vfg] s] gvfg] <

• k|f0ffofd

• ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

!* s] vfg] s] gvfg] <

;fwf/0ftof xflgsf/s vfgfnfO{ cfhef]ln kq' vfgf elgG5 . kq' vfgf

eGgfn] cTolws lrNnf], u'lnof], g'g xfnL ˆofS6«Ldf tof/ ul/Psf k|f]l6g tyf

kf]if0f/lxt :jf:Yodf xfgL k''¥ofpg] kbfy{nfO{ a'emfpF5 . kq' eg]sf] sfd gnfUg]

j:t' x'g\ . o:tf j:t'x?nfO{ …hª\s km'8Ú klg elgG5 . rsn]6, la:s'6, rfprfp,

s'/s'/], n]h, cfO;lqmd, cfn'lrK;, SofG8L, r6k6], lrhaN; / ljleGg k|sf/sf

sf]sh:tf k]okbfy{x? kq' vfgkfgdf kb{5g\ .

o:tf vfBkbfy{af6 kfOg] lrgL tyf g'g xfd|f nflu dGb ljif;/x x'G5 .

ˆofS6«Ldf cTolws g'g / t]n xfn]/ pRr tfkqmddf v/f] u/L agfOPsf ahf/df

kfOg] ljleGg gfdsf vfhfx? kq' vfgf x'g\ . s'/s'/], n]h, rfprfp, lrhaN;

/ Kofs]6df cfPsf la:s'6x? yk lrNnf] -6«fG:ˆof6_ /fv]/ agfOPsf x'G5g\ .

:jf:Yosf lglDt o:tf vfg]s'/f cToGt vt/gfs x'G5g\ . To:t} /]:6'/]G6df agfOg]

dd, rfpldg, lkHhf, tf/]sf tyf kf]n]sf vfg]s'/fsf] ;]jgn] klg afnaflnsfsf]

:jf:Yodf gsf/fTds c;/ kl//x]sf] x'G5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 69

lsg al9/x]sf] 5 kq' vfgfsf] ahf/ <

cfhef]ln w]/} dflg;x? cN5L aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ km';{b g}

5}g . cfw'lgstfsf] k|efjn] pgLx?df 3/sf] vfg]s'/fk|lt xLgtfaf]w eO/x]sf]

5 . aflx/sf] d}bfsf] rfpldg, dMd vfFbf uj{ ug{] t/ 3/df agfOPsf] sf]bf]sf] /f]6L

vfFbf ;fgf] ePh:tf] 7fGg] dfgl;stf 5 . aflx/ x]bf{ cfsif{s /ª\uLg b]lvg] kq'

vfg]s'/fx? cTolws g'lgnf], u'lnof], lrNnf] xfn]/ ck|fs[lts tl/sfn] agfOPsf]

x'G5 eGg] w]/}n] a'‰b}gg\ .

lsg xflgsf/s 5 kq' vfgf tyf k]okbfy{ <

s'/s'/], rfprfp, lrhaN;h:tf hª\s km'8 vfFbfv]l/ :jflbnf x'G5g\ .

To;}n] w]/} aRrfx?n] lognfO{ vfhfsf ?kdf vfg dg k/fpF5g\ . t/ oL ;a}

k|sf/sf kq' vfgfx?n] ef]s dfb}{gg\ . udL{sf] ;dodf sf]snufotsf k]okbfy{

lkpg] xfd|f] cfbth:t} ag]sf] 5 . sf]s, ˆofG6f klg kq' vfgf g} x'g\ .

jf:tjdf kq' vfgf tyf k]okbfy{sf] c;/ t'?Gt b]lvFb}g . o;n] t dGbljifsf

?kdf xfd|f] z/L/df c;/ ul//x]sf] x'G5 . nuftf/ o:tf kq' vfgf vfg]x?sf]

z/L/df lrNnf], sfaf]{xfO8«]6 / lrgLsf] dfqf a9\b} hfG5 . o;af6 eljiodf d'6'/f]u,

SofG;/, dw'd]x, pRr /Qmrfksf] hf]lvd a9\g] ub{5 . z/L/df df]6f]kgf a9\g uO{

/utsf gnLx? aGb x'Fb} hfg] / Åbof3ft x'g] hf]lvd klg TolQs} /xG5 .

s:tf] vfgf vfg] <

vf;u/L afnaflnsfsf] /fd|f] :jf:Yosf nflu 3/df agfPsf] vfgf pQd

x'G5 . vfgfdf tn pNn]v ul/Psf ;d"xsf vfgf k|To]s lbg v'jfpFbf aRrfsf]

:jf:Yo lgs} /fd|f] x'G5 M

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

s_ rfdn, ds}, ux'F, hf}, kmfk/, ds}= sf]bf]h:tf cGg .

v_ ljleGg ;fukft, cfn', l;dL, af]8L, km;L{, l3/f}Fnf, s/]nf, kmnkm'nx?

:ofp,

;'Gtnf, h'gf/, df};d

cflb .

u_ sfFqmf], ufh/, d"nf, ;nud, sfutL, uf]ne]F8f, Pef]sf8Þf], ;fu cflb ;nfb .

bfn, u]8fu'8L, s'l/nf], cG8f, df5f, df;' / b"whGo kbfy{, bxL, dxL, £o",

klg/, lrh .

ª_ abfd, PNdf]G8, sfh', ls;ld;, 5f]s8f, cf]v/nufotsf ;'Vvf kmn .

r_ t]n, g'g, lrgL, 3/]n' d;nf / k|z:t kfgL lkpg' k5{ .

dfly plNnlvt x/]s ;d"xsf vfgfdWo] ;a} ;d"x ldNg] u/L vfPdf

z/L/nfO{ rflxg] sfaf]{xfO8«]6, le6fldg, k|f]l6g, vlghtŒj, lrNnf] kbfy{nufotsf

;a} kf]l;nf tŒj k"/f x'G5g\ . o;n] z/L/sf] tf}n, prfO, dl:tissf] ljsf; tyf

xdf]{gsf] /fd|f] pTkfbg x'G5 .

To:t} lrp/f, ds}, e'6]sf] eft, rgf, cG8f, ;v/v08, t?n, /f]6L, xn'jf,

e'6]sf] cfn' cflb w]/} xfd|f k'/fgf vfhfx?nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{'k5{ . xfd|} efG;fdf

kfSg] bfn, eft, t/sf/L, /f]6L, cfn', e6df;, af/Ldf kmn]sf] df};dcg';f/sf

kmnkm"n ;:tf] / kf}li6so'Qm x'G5g\ .

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ kq' vfgfsf sf/0f afnaflnsfdf ePsf

zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ;d:ofsf af/]df lel8of]x?af6 ;r]t u/fpg'xf];\ .

;r]tgfd"ns lel8of] ;fdu|L sIffdf k|:t't u/L ljBfyL{nfO{ hª\s km'8af6

x'g] c;/ / o;af6 d'Qm x'g] pkfox?sf af/]df j0f{g ul/lbg'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 71

!= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

s_ kq' vfgf eg]sf] s] xf] <

v_ kq' vfgfnfO{ lsg …dGbljifÚ elgPsf] xf] <

3_ v}/xgL gu/kflnsfdf kq' vfgfsf] ahf/ lsg al9/x]sf] 5 <

@= vfnL 7fpF eg'{xf];\ M

s_ rfprfp, la:s'6, ld7fO{ ======== vfg]s'/f x'g\ . -sd;n÷kf}li6s_

v_ 3/df vfhf agfpg cN5L dfGg] sf/0f ================== j:t'x?sf]

pkof]u al9/x]sf] 5 . -ahf/sf÷ufpFsf_

u_ cTolws u'lnof / g'lgnf j:t'x? :jf:Yosf nflu ======== x'G5g\ .

-kmfObfhgs÷xflgsf/s_

3_ xfdLn] ltvf{ nfUbf =============== vfg'k5{ . -kfgL÷sf]s–ˆofG6f_

ª_ cfsif{s Kofs]6df xfNb}df leqsf] vfg]s'/f /fd|f] ====== . -x'Fb}g÷x'G5_

• ahf/sf tof/L hª\s km'8sf ;§fdf 3/df vfhfsf ?kdf agfpg ;lsg]

vfg]s'/f s]s] xf]nfg\ < 5nkmn u/L gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

• tkfO{Fn] yfxf kfP;Ddsf kq vfgfx?sf] gfd n]v]/ ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ /

ltgn] :jf:Yodf ug]{ xfgLsf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

cEof;

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

!( k|f0ffofd

k|f0ffofd of]usf cf7 cª\ux?dWo]sf] rf}yf]

cª\u xf] . k|f0ffofd zAb k|f0f / cfofd ldn]/ ag]sf]

xf] . hLjgsf] cy{nfO{ cfTdfsf] ?kdf lnOG5 t/

of] z/L/ d'lg /x]sf] xfjf;Fu ;DalGwt 5, h;sf]

d'Vo :yfg Åbodf x'G5 . ha Ps JolQm hGdG5,

p;n] ulx/f] ;f; km]5{ / ha pm d5{, pm k"0f{ ?kdf

aflx/ lg:sG5 . To;}n] of] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5

ls dfG5]sf] nflu xfjf cfTdf xf] . cfofdsf b'O{

cy{x? 5g\ . klxnf] lgoGq0f jf /f]Sg'xf];\, bf];|f] lj:tf/ .

…k|f0f:o cfofdM Olt k|f0ffofdM .Ú cyf{t\ k|f0fsf] lgoGq0f jf lj:tf/ ug]{

sfo{ g} k|f0ffofd xf] .

ha xfdL ;f; km]5f}{+, xfjf leq k:g] / aflx/ lg:sg] u5{ . xfjfnfO{ kfFr

efudf afFl8G5 jf of] z/L/sf] kfFr :yfgdf l:y/ x'G5 eGg] ul/G5 . To;}n] o;nfO{

z/L/sf] k~rsx? elgG5 .

!_ Aofg

@_ ;dfg

#_ ckfg

$_ pbfg

%_ k|f0f cflb .

dflysf ;a}nfO{ ldnfP/ dfq hfu/0f r]tgfdf cfpF5, ;Demgfx? ;'/lIft

x'G5g\ . lbdfun] sfo{ hf/L /fV5 / z/L/ ;'/lIft x'G5 . olb dflysf s'g}dWo] s'g}

;d:of 5 eg] ta of] htfTot} k|efljt x'G5 / o;af6 z/L/, lbdfu / r]tgf klg

/f]u / zf]saf6 u|l;t x'G5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 73

k|f0ffofdsf k|sf/x¿

!= gf8L zf]wg k|f0ffofd @= zLtnL k|f0ffofd

#= el:qsf k|f0ffofd $= afXo k|f0ffofd

%= skfneftL k|f0ffofd ^= e|fd/L k|f0ffofd

&= pl4t k|f0ffofd *= cg'nf]d lanf]d k|f0ffofd

(= clUg;f/ lqmof

k|f0ffofd ubf{sf kmfObfx¿

!= k|f0ffofdsf] cEof;n] tgfj, cj:yfdf / xTs]nf;Fu ;DalGwt ljsf/af6

5'6sf/f kfpgdf dbt ug]{ u5{ .

@= k|f0ffofdaf6 ysfg dx;'; x'g] ;d:ofsf] pkrf/ klg ug]{ ul/G5 .

#= k|f0ffofdsf] sf/0fn] xfd|f] z/L/df k|f0f zlQm a9\5 / nfdf] cfo' k|fKt ug{

;lsG5 .

$= z/L/ dg / cfTdfsf] tfnd]nsf] nflu k|f0ffofd pkof]uL x'g] u5{ .

k|f0ffofdsf s]xL cTofjZos lgodx¿

– k|f0ffofdsf] ;kmntfsf nflu k|f0ffofd ug]{ JolQmn] dB, efª cflb s'g} klg

lsl;dsf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ug{'x'Fb}g .

– laxfg / a]n'sfsf] ;dodf hlta]nf klg k|f0ffofd ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ laxfg

;a}eGbf pko'Qm dflgG5 .

– g/fd|f] ;f]raf6 lgj[Q eP/ bfFt, d'v, xft / v'§f w'g] / cfn:o Tofu]/

k|f0ffofdsf nflu a:g'k5{ .

– k|f0ffofdsf l;sf? cEof;sx? a9L lr;f] / cTolws tftf]af6 hf]lug'k5{ .

To;}n] o;nfO{ z/b Ct'df ;'? ug{ ;lsG5 .

– k|f0ffofddf kf/+ut eO;s]sfx?sf] nflu b"w, l3p, gf}gL, /f]6L cflb ;a} /fd|f]

vfgfx? x'g\ .

– k|f0ffofd ubf{, tkfO{+n] lbdfuaf6 lrGtf x6fpg'k5{ . lgod;+ut lx;fan]

k|f0ffofd ug]{ xf] eg] lbdfusf] u8a8L / lrGtf :jtM x6\g] u5{ .

– k|f0ffofd ug{ ;'¿ u/]kl5 plrt nfesf] nflu of] nuftf/ ug{'xf];\ . slxn]sfFxL

tkfO{+n] plrt kmfObf gkfpg klg ;Sg'x'G5 . To:tf] ;dodf klg o;nfO{ 5f8\g'

x'Gg .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

lzIf0f ;'emfjlzIf0f ;'emfj

• cfb/0fLo lzIfs, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ of]u, k|f0ffofd / Wofgsf lel8of]x?

k|bz{g u/fO{ cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ .

• of]u / k|f0ffofdaf6 x'g] kmfObfsf af/]df s'g} of]u u'?;Fu 5nkmn u/L

sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk M

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

s_ k|f0ffofd eg]sf] s] xf] <

v_ z/L/sf k~rsx? s]–s] x'g\ <

u_ k|f0ffofd slt k|sf/sf 5g\ <

3_ k|f0ffofdaf6 s] kmfObf x'G5 <

ª_ k|f0ffofdsf cTofjZos lgodx? s]–s] x'g\ <

@= vfnL 7fpF eg'{xf];\ M

s_ k|f0ffofd of]usf ==================== cª\ux? dWo]sf] rf}yf] cª\u xf] .

v_ k|f0fsf] lgoGq0f jf lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{ g} ==================== xf] .

u_ k|f0ffofd cl3 ================== ug{' klg kmfObfhgs dflgG5 .

3_ k|f0ffofd ================== / ================== cg';f/ ug{'xf];\ .

ª_ ====================, dg / cfTdfsf] tfnd]nsf] nflu k|f0ffofd pkof]uL

x'g] u5{ .

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff % 75

:sfp6 kl/ro

;]jf, ljgd|tf, cf1fsfl/tf, Pstf / ljZj;lgotfnfO{ af]s]/ JolQm, ;dfh

/ /fi6« x'Fb} cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo;Dd k'Ug] Ifdtf /fVg] JolQm g} xf] :sfp6 . xl/of]

;6{ / xl/of] ;f/L jf k|ms nufPsf o'jf tyf aflnsf

:sfp6 / v/fgL /ªsf] ;6{ / k]G6 nufPsf afns tyf

o'jf :sfp6nfO{ xfdLn] ljleGg ;fdflhs sfddf lg/Gt/

nflu/x]sf] kfpg] ;d"x g} xf] g]kfn :sfp6 . Pp6} klx/gdf

;lhP/ Pstfd"ns ?kdf /fi6«df cfOk/]sf ljleGg

ljkb\sf] ;fdgf ug{;Dd g]kfn :sfp6 tTk/ /xFb} cfPsf]

5 .

g]kfndf :sfp6M

g]kfndf :sfpl6ª lj=;+= @))( ;fndf ;'? ePsf] xf] . g]kfn

:sfp6n] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|s[lt, ;fxl;s sfo{, / ;dfh ;]jfsf] k|lzIf0f

lbG5 . :sfp6sf] cfbz{ jfSoM ætof/ /xg'xf];\Æ -Be Prepared_ xf] .

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6LM dfgjtf, ;]jf / ;xsfo{sf] k|tLs

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L -Nepal

Red Cross Society – NRCS_ g]kfnsf]

;a}eGbf 7"nf] dfgjLo ;+:yf xf], ljZj

/]8qm; cleofgdf ;xefuL x'g] p2]Zosf

;fy, ljZjdf /]8qm;sf] :yfkgf ePsf] emG8}

!)) jif{ k5L g]kfndf g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L lj=;=@)@) ef› !( ut] :yfkgf

@) ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yf

xfdL / xfd|f] v}/xgL sIff %

ePsf] lyof] . tTsfnLg :jf:Yo dGqL 8f=gfu]Zjf]/k|;fb l;+xsf] cWoIftfdf tby{

;ldltn] g]kfndf /]8qm;sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] lyof] . dfgj ;]jf, /fxt tyf ljkb\

Joj:yfkg, :jf:Yo ;]jf, /Qmbfg k|j4{g, tyf ;fdflhs ;xof]udf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf

lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

g]kfndf /]8qm;M

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf] :yfkgf !(^# -lj=;+= @)@)_ df ePsf] xf] .

o;n] cfkb\ k|aGwg, /Qmbfg, :jf:Yo lzIff, / ljkGgnfO{ ;xof]u u5{ . /]8qm;sf

l;4fGtx¿M dfgjtf, lgikIftf, :jtGqtf, Pstf x'g\ .

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

s_ :sfp6 eg]sf] s] xf] <

v_ :sfp6sf] d'Vo l;4fGt s] xf] <

u_ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsfx? s]–s] x'g\ <

@= vfnL 7fpF eg{'xf];\ M

s_ g]kfndf :sfp6sf] :yfkgf lj=;+= ================ ePsf] xf] .

v_ g]kfndf g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L lj=;=============== ut] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] .

u_ dfgj ;]jf, ==================== / :jf:Yo ;]jf /]8qm;sf d'Vo e"ldsfx? x'g .

3_ g]kfn :sfp6nfO{ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ============ / ;dfh ;]jfsf] k|lzIf0f lbG5 .

lj|mofsnfklj|mofsnfk

• :sfp6sf sfd / dxŒjsf af/]df cfˆgf] ljBfno jf :sfp6÷h'lgo/ /]8qm; ;s{n

u7g ePsf] s'g} ljBfnosf lzIfs;Fu ;f]wL sIffdf 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .